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Antimicrobial Properties of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized from Lavandula pubescens Shoot Methanol Extract

Yagoub, Abu ElGasim A., Al-Shammari, Ghedeir M., Al-Harbi, Laila Naif, Subash-Babu, Pandurangan, Elsayim, Rasha, Mohammed, Mohammed A., Yahya, Mohammed Abdo, Fattiny, Sndos Z. A.·2022·Applied Sciences
DOI 10.3390/app122211613
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Abstract

We report on employing in vitro biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles using L. pubescens shoot methanol extract (50 and 100 mg LP–ZnO NPs) to examine their antimicrobial efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Aspergillus niger (ATCC 16404 NA), and Aspergillus terreus (TCC 10029). The formation and stability of the investigated ZnO nanoparticles were proven by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The ZnO nanoparticles were rod-shaped (width: 10.76–30.93 nm). The nanoparticles in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) outperformed their water counterparts in terms of their zones of inhibition (ZIs) (marginal means of 12.5 and 8.19 mm, respectively) and minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) (means of 4.40 and 8.54 mg/mL, respectively). The ZI means for S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, A. terreus, and A. niger were 10.50, 6.13, 12.5, and 11.5 mm, respectively. When treating S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, the ZI of the 50 mg LP–ZnO NPs in water was better (14 mm), with a lower MIC and lower minimum bactericidal/fungicide concentrations (MBC/MFC) (7.22 and 4.88 mg/mL, respectively) than the ZnO and control drugs. The SEM images showed cellular alterations in the surface shapes after the LP–ZnO-NP treatments. Biosynthesized LP–ZnO NPs could have beneficial antibacterial properties, which could allow for future contributions to the development of new antimicrobial drugs.

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Figure 1 TEM images of Zn oxide nanoparticles prepared by reacting 0.05 M ZnCl₂ with L. pubescens shoot methanol extract (LPME): ( a ) 50 mg LPME; ( b ) 100 mg LPME. Figure 1. TEM images of Zn oxide nanoparticles prepared by reacting 0.05 M ZnCl 2 with L. pubescens shoot methanol extract (LPME): ( a ) 50 mg LPME; ( b ) 100 mg LPME.
Figure 1 TEM images of Zn oxide nanoparticles prepared by reacting 0.05 M ZnCl₂ with L. pubescens shoot methanol extract (LPME): ( a ) 50 mg LPME; ( b ) 100 mg LPME. Figure 1. TEM images of Zn oxide nanoparticles prepared by reacting 0.05 M ZnCl 2 with L. pubescens shoot methanol extract (LPME): ( a ) 50 mg LPME; ( b ) 100 mg LPME.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 2 Interaction effects of solvent and microorganisms on microbial activity of ZnO nanoparticles loaded with LPME (50 and 100 mg) (concentration of 7.5 mg/mL): ( a ): zones of inhibition (ZIs); ( b ): minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs); ( c ): minimum bactericidal/fungicide concentrations (MBCs/MFCs). Different letters indicate significant differences between means ( n = 12) according to pairwise comparisons. (*) indicates significant differences among estimated marginal means ( n = 48) according to pairwise comparisons. R (> 30) refers to an inactive substance or drug-resistant microbe. Augmentin and voriconazole (500 mg/mL) were used as positive controls for bacteria and fungi, respectively. R was given a value of zero for ZI and 31 mg/mL for MIC and MBC/MFC. Bars indicate standard errors of means. Figure 2. Interaction effects of solvent and microorganisms on microbial activity of ZnO nanoparticles loaded with LPME (50 and 100 mg) (concentration of 7.5 mg/mL): ( a ): zones of inhibition (ZIs); ( b ): minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs); ( c ): minimum bactericidal/fungicide concentrations (MBCs/MFCs). Different letters indicate significant differences between means ( n = 12) according to pairwise comparisons. (*) indicates significant differences among estimated marginal means ( n = 48) according to pairwise comparisons. R (>30) refers to an inactive substance or drug-resistant microbe. Augmentin and voriconazole (500 mg/mL) were used as positive controls for bacteria and fungi, respectively. R was given a value of zero for ZI and 31 mg/mL for MIC and MBC/MFC. Bars indicate standard errors of means.
Figure 2 Interaction effects of solvent and microorganisms on microbial activity of ZnO nanoparticles loaded with LPME (50 and 100 mg) (concentration of 7.5 mg/mL): ( a ): zones of inhibition (ZIs); ( b ): minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs); ( c ): minimum bactericidal/fungicide concentrations (MBCs/MFCs). Different letters indicate significant differences between means ( n = 12) according to pairwise comparisons. (*) indicates significant differences among estimated marginal means ( n = 48) according to pairwise comparisons. R (> 30) refers to an inactive substance or drug-resistant microbe. Augmentin and voriconazole (500 mg/mL) were used as positive controls for bacteria and fungi, respectively. R was given a value of zero for ZI and 31 mg/mL for MIC and MBC/MFC. Bars indicate standard errors of means. Figure 2. Interaction effects of solvent and microorganisms on microbial activity of ZnO nanoparticles loaded with LPME (50 and 100 mg) (concentration of 7.5 mg/mL): ( a ): zones of inhibition (ZIs); ( b ): minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs); ( c ): minimum bactericidal/fungicide concentrations (MBCs/MFCs). Different letters indicate significant differences between means ( n = 12) according to pairwise comparisons. (*) indicates significant differences among estimated marginal means ( n = 48) according to pairwise comparisons. R (>30) refers to an inactive substance or drug-resistant microbe. Augmentin and voriconazole (500 mg/mL) were used as positive controls for bacteria and fungi, respectively. R was given a value of zero for ZI and 31 mg/mL for MIC and MBC/MFC. Bars indicate standard errors of means.CC-BY · From the PDF
Image 3
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Figure 4 SEM images of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells : ( a ) normal cells; ( b -d ) cells treated with augmentin, LPME, and 50 mg LP -ZnO NPs, respectively. SEM images of Staphylococcus aureus cells: ( e ) normal cells; ( f -h ) cells treated with augmentin, LPME, and 50 mg LP -ZnO NPs, respectively. DMSO was used as a solvent. Figure 4. SEM images of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells: ( a ) normal cells; ( b -d ) cells treated with augmentin, LPME, and 50 mg LP-ZnO NPs, respectively. SEM images of Staphylococcus aureus cells: ( e ) normal cells; ( f -h ) cells treated with augmentin, LPME, and 50 mg LP-ZnO NPs, respectively. DMSOwas used as a solvent.
Figure 4 SEM images of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells : ( a ) normal cells; ( b -d ) cells treated with augmentin, LPME, and 50 mg LP -ZnO NPs, respectively. SEM images of Staphylococcus aureus cells: ( e ) normal cells; ( f -h ) cells treated with augmentin, LPME, and 50 mg LP -ZnO NPs, respectively. DMSO was used as a solvent. Figure 4. SEM images of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells: ( a ) normal cells; ( b -d ) cells treated with augmentin, LPME, and 50 mg LP-ZnO NPs, respectively. SEM images of Staphylococcus aureus cells: ( e ) normal cells; ( f -h ) cells treated with augmentin, LPME, and 50 mg LP-ZnO NPs, respectively. DMSOwas used as a solvent.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 5 SEM images of Aspergillus terreus cells: ( a ) normal cells; ( b , c ) cells treated with voriconazole and 50 mg LP -ZnO NPs, respectively. SEM images of Aspergillus niger : ( d ) normal cells; ( e -g ): cells treated with voriconazole, LPME, and 50 mg LP -ZnO NPs, respectively. DMSO was used as a solvent. Red squares indicate normal vesicles. Figure 5. SEM images of Aspergillus terreus cells: ( a ) normal cells; ( b , c ) cells treated with voriconazole and 50 mg LP-ZnO NPs, respectively. SEM images of Aspergillus niger : ( d ) normal cells; ( e -g ): cells treated with voriconazole, LPME, and 50 mg LP-ZnO NPs, respectively. DMSO was used as a solvent. Red squares indicate normal vesicles.
Figure 5 SEM images of Aspergillus terreus cells: ( a ) normal cells; ( b , c ) cells treated with voriconazole and 50 mg LP -ZnO NPs, respectively. SEM images of Aspergillus niger : ( d ) normal cells; ( e -g ): cells treated with voriconazole, LPME, and 50 mg LP -ZnO NPs, respectively. DMSO was used as a solvent. Red squares indicate normal vesicles. Figure 5. SEM images of Aspergillus terreus cells: ( a ) normal cells; ( b , c ) cells treated with voriconazole and 50 mg LP-ZnO NPs, respectively. SEM images of Aspergillus niger : ( d ) normal cells; ( e -g ): cells treated with voriconazole, LPME, and 50 mg LP-ZnO NPs, respectively. DMSO was used as a solvent. Red squares indicate normal vesicles.CC-BY · From the PDF

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Metadata

Authors
Yagoub, A. E. A., Al-Shammari, G. M., Al-Harbi, L. N., Subash-Babu, P., Elsayim, R., Mohammed, M. A., Yahya, M. A., & Fattiny, S. Z. A.
Venue
Applied Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-11-15
Volume
12
Issue
22
Pages
11613
ISSN
2076-3417
DOI
10.3390/app122211613
Cited by
54
References
2
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (RSP-2021/84)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Antimicrobial Properties of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized from Lavandula pubescens Shoot Methanol Extract. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3390/app122211613
The paper
Yagoub, A. E. A., Al-Shammari, G. M., Al-Harbi, L. N., Subash-Babu, P., Elsayim, R., Mohammed, M. A., Yahya, M. A., & Fattiny, S. Z. A. (2022). Antimicrobial Properties of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized from Lavandula pubescens Shoot Methanol Extract. Applied Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122211613