Preconcentration of Silver from Real Mine Wastes Using Deep Eutectic Solvent-Assisted Solidified Floating Organic Drop Microextraction and Determination by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Open accessAbstract
Silver, a critical element in various technological and industrial sectors, is increasingly being targeted for recovery from secondary sources due to the depletion of primary reserves and the environmental impacts of traditional mining. This study presents the development and application of a novel, environmentally friendly analytical method for the preconcentration and determination of silver in mining waste using deep eutectic solvents (DES) in combination with solidified floating organic drop microextraction (SFODME) and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Analytical performance was evaluated in terms of linearity (7.5–200 µg/L, R2 > 0.995), enhancement factor (27.9), limit of detection (2.1 µg/L), and precision (RSD ± 2.32%, n = 8). The method’s validity was further validated through interference studies, analysis of certified reference materials (recovery rates: 80–93%), and application to real mining waste and tailings collected from gold-silver mining operations in Turkey’s Aegean region. Results confirm the method’s applicability for trace-level silver analysis in complex matrices, offering significant advantages in terms of sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and analytical reliability, aligned with the principles of green chemistry and resource recovery.
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Solidification-based approaches such as DLLME-SFOD and floating organic drop microextraction overcome a key limitation of liquid-phase microextraction, particularly difficulty associated with post-extraction solvent recovery.
“Solidification-based approaches, such as DLLME-SFOD and floating organic drop microextraction, overcome a key limitation of liquid-phase microextraction techniques, particularly the difficulty associated with post-extraction solvent recovery [49,57,60,62,69,80,85,97].”
From Eco-Friendly Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Extraction Technologies: A Comprehensive Review of Principles, Applications, and Comparative Insights (2026) · cites this paper as [97]
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Research works printed but not linked: 18
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Sorted by citations
Alahmadi, S. M., & Abu-Dief, A. M. (2026) · Sustainable Chemistry · doi:10.3390/suschem7030033 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Solidification-based approaches, such as DLLME-SFOD and floating organic drop microextraction, overcome a key limitation of liquid-phase microextraction techniques, particularly the difficulty associated with post-extraction solvent recovery [49,57,60,62,69,80,85,97].”
- Authors
- Yıldız, B., Durukan, I., & Saraç, C.
- Affiliations
- Hacettepe University (TR)
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Türkiye
- Venue
- Applied Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2025-10-30
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 11629
- ISSN
- 2076-3417 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4415718821
- Cited by
- 1
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1
- FWCI
- 0.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Applied Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (1919B012216421)
- Hacettepe University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (FHD-2023-20916)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Analytical chemistry methods development
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Extraction and Separation Processes
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Electrochemistry › Electrochemical Analysis and Applications
- Keywords
- silver recovery, mining waste, deep eutectic solvents, solidified floating organic drop microextraction, preconcentration, flame atomic absorption spectrometry, trace metal analysis, green analytical chemistry, resource recovery
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