Cited by 354Circadian rhythm and melatoninAntioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stressmelanin and skin pigmentation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 221 of the 223 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Melatonin’s Impact on Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Reprogramming in Homeostasis and Disease

Open access
Chitimus, Diana Maria, Popescu, Mihaela Roxana, Voiculescu, Suzana Elena, Panaitescu, Anca Maria, Pavel, Bogdan, Zagrean, Leon, Zagrean, Ana-Maria·2020·Biomolecules

Abstract

There is a growing consensus that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of melatonin are of great importance in preserving the body functions and homeostasis, with great impact in the peripartum period and adult life. Melatonin promotes adaptation through allostasis and stands out as an endogenous, dietary, and therapeutic molecule with important health benefits. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of melatonin are intertwined and are exerted throughout pregnancy and later during development and aging. Melatonin supplementation during pregnancy can reduce ischemia-induced oxidative damage in the fetal brain, increase offspring survival in inflammatory states, and reduce blood pressure in the adult offspring. In adulthood, disturbances in melatonin production negatively impact the progression of cardiovascular risk factors and promote cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The most studied cardiovascular effects of melatonin are linked to hypertension and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, while the most promising ones are linked to regaining control of metabolic syndrome components. In addition, there might be an emerging role for melatonin as an adjuvant in treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19). The present review summarizes and comments on important data regarding the roles exerted by melatonin in homeostasis and oxidative stress and inflammation related pathologies.

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Crossref · 10.3390/biom10091211

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Figures

Figure 1 The roles of melatonin within the mitochondria. Melatonin is transported into mitochondria through PEPT1/2 oligopeptide and Glut/SLC2A transporters, but it is also synthesized within mitochondria [12,13]. Melatonin lowers the formation of free radicals and protects ATP synthesis at the mitochondrial level. It scavenges free oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) reactive species, by preventing mitochondrial apoptosis and disruption of the electron transport chain. Melatonin interacts with MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors, inhibits pro-apoptosis protein synthesis, and the subsequently cytochrome C leakage at the level of the membrane. It also protects mitochondrial DNA and prevents the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) [13].
Figure 1 The roles of melatonin within the mitochondria. Melatonin is transported into mitochondria through PEPT1/2 oligopeptide and Glut/SLC2A transporters, but it is also synthesized within mitochondria [12,13]. Melatonin lowers the formation of free radicals and protects ATP synthesis at the mitochondrial level. It scavenges free oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) reactive species, by preventing mitochondrial apoptosis and disruption of the electron transport chain. Melatonin interacts with MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors, inhibits pro-apoptosis protein synthesis, and the subsequently cytochrome C leakage at the level of the membrane. It also protects mitochondrial DNA and prevents the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) [13].CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 The widespread effects of melatonin at organ and system level.
Figure 2 The widespread effects of melatonin at organ and system level.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Cardiovascular effects of melatonin. ATS: atherosclerotic disease, BP: blood pressure, CAD: coronary artery disease, IRI: ischemia/reperfusion injury, HTN: hypertension, MI: myocardial infarction, MS: metabolic syndrome, NO: nitric oxide.
Figure 3 Cardiovascular effects of melatonin. ATS: atherosclerotic disease, BP: blood pressure, CAD: coronary artery disease, IRI: ischemia/reperfusion injury, HTN: hypertension, MI: myocardial infarction, MS: metabolic syndrome, NO: nitric oxide.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Chitimus, D. M., Popescu, M. R., Voiculescu, S. E., Panaitescu, A. M., Pavel, B., Zagrean, L., & Zagrean, A.-M.
Affiliations
  • Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Functional Sciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 010164 Bucharest, Romania
  • Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy (RO)
Venue
Biomolecules
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-08-20
Volume
10
Issue
9
Pages
1211
ISSN
2218-273X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3058036789
Cited by
354
References
223
Citations by year
2026: 52 · 2025: 85 · 2024: 70 · 2023: 65 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 2
FWCI
4.97
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Biomolecules (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
Keywords
melatonin, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity, oxidative stress, inflammation, allostasis, pregnancy, offspring survival, hypertension, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, COVID-19 treatment, melatonin supplementation
MeSH terms
COVID-19, Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic, Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Antioxidants, Homeostasis, Humans, Melatonin, Pneumonia, Viral, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics

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