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Cited by 144Multiple Sclerosis Research StudiesCancer-related cognitive impairment studiesDementia and Cognitive Impairment Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 143 of the 144 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Assessment and Impact of Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis: An Overview

Open access
Macías Islas, Miguel Ángel, Ciampi, Ethel·2019·Biomedicines
DOI 10.3390/biomedicines7010022PMC PMC6466345
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Abstract

Cognitive impairment affects 40–60% of patients with multiple sclerosis. It may be present early in the course of the disease and has an impact on a patient’s employability, social interactions, and quality of life. In the last three decades, an increasing interest in diagnosis and management of cognitive impairment has arisen. Neuropsychological assessment and neuroimaging studies focusing on cognitive impairment are now being incorporated as primary outcomes in clinical trials. However, there are still key uncertainties concerning the underlying mechanisms of damage, neural basis, sensitivity and validity of neuropsychological tests, and efficacy of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. The present article aimed to present an overview of the assessment, neural correlates, and impact of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis.

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Crossref · 10.3390/biomedicines7010022

Cites

143 of 143 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Figures

Figure 1 Conventional MRI in a patient with multiple sclerosis and cognitive impairment. Baseline MRI (A: Sagittal T1, B: Axial FLAIR, C: Coronal FLAIR) from a 15-year-old female with fulminant MS (Marburg variant, EDSS 8.0). After initial aggressive treatment in 2012, including myeloablation with cyclophosphamide, the patient remained asymptomatic without disease modifying treatment, until a second supratentorial motor relapse in 2015, confirming her MS diagnosis and beginning fingolimod. Since then, no relapses or new T2/enhancing lesions have appeared, and she had an EDSS 1.0 by the time of the second MRI in 2018 (D: Sagittal T1, E: Axial FLAIR, F: Coronal FLAIR). Her Mini-Mental State Examination was 30 (normal), Beck Depression Inventory 4 (without depression), and her fatigue severity score was 4 (significative fatigue). She had below normal performance (≤1.5 standard deviation) in verbal and visual episodic memory, and in information processing speed tests, with the diagnosis of cognitive impairment according to the MACFIMS battery. Note the widespread brain volume loss including cortical grey matter, ventricular width, and corpus callosum atrophy. The patient gave her written informed consent to present this data.
Figure 1 Conventional MRI in a patient with multiple sclerosis and cognitive impairment. Baseline MRI (A: Sagittal T1, B: Axial FLAIR, C: Coronal FLAIR) from a 15-year-old female with fulminant MS (Marburg variant, EDSS 8.0). After initial aggressive treatment in 2012, including myeloablation with cyclophosphamide, the patient remained asymptomatic without disease modifying treatment, until a second supratentorial motor relapse in 2015, confirming her MS diagnosis and beginning fingolimod. Since then, no relapses or new T2/enhancing lesions have appeared, and she had an EDSS 1.0 by the time of the second MRI in 2018 (D: Sagittal T1, E: Axial FLAIR, F: Coronal FLAIR). Her Mini-Mental State Examination was 30 (normal), Beck Depression Inventory 4 (without depression), and her fatigue severity score was 4 (significative fatigue). She had below normal performance (≤1.5 standard deviation) in verbal and visual episodic memory, and in information processing speed tests, with the diagnosis of cognitive impairment according to the MACFIMS battery. Note the widespread brain volume loss including cortical grey matter, ventricular width, and corpus callosum atrophy. The patient gave her written informed consent to present this data.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Citations

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Show all 144 references

Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. Murray, 2005, Terminology and disease description, Multiple Sclerosis the History of a Disease, Volume 2, 21
  2. Lezak, M.D., Howieson, D.B., Bigler, E.D., and Tranel, D. (2012). Neuropsychological Assessment, Oxford University Press. [5th ed.].
  3. Friesen, W.V., and Ekman, P. (1976). Friesen Pictures of Facial Affect, Consulting Psychologists Press.
  4. Ciampi, 2018, Functional magnetic resonance imaging in the study of multiple sclerosis, Rev. Neurol., 67, 91

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Metadata

Authors
Macías Islas, M. Á., & Ciampi, E.
Affiliations
  • Department of Neurosciences, CUCS. University of Guadalajara and Mexico, Guadalajara 44160, Mexico
  • Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (CL)
ORCID
Venue
Biomedicines
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2019-03-19
Volume
7
Issue
1
Pages
22
ISSN
2227-9059 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/biomedicines7010022
PMC
PMC6466345
OpenAlex
W2921709315
Cited by
144
References
144
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 2
FWCI
2.57
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Biomedicines (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Keywords
multiple sclerosis, cognitive impairment, neuropsychological assessment, neuroimaging, neural correlates, quality of life, employability, clinical trial results, pharmacological interventions, non-pharmacological treatment, neuropsychological test validity

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