Glioblastoma under Siege: An Overview of Current Therapeutic Strategies

PD-1 and PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade to Treat Breast Cancer

Hartkopf, A. D., Taran, F., Wallwiener, M., Walter, C. B., Krämer, B., Grischke, E., & Brucker, S. Y. (2016) · Breast Care · doi:10.1159/000453569 · Cited by 30,989

Integrated Genomic Analysis Identifies Clinically Relevant Subtypes of Glioblastoma Characterized by Abnormalities in PDGFRA, IDH1, EGFR, and NF1

Verhaak, R. G. W., Hoadley, K. A., Purdom, E., Wang, V., Qi, Y., Wilkerson, M. D., Miller, C. R., Ding, L., Golub, T., Mesirov, J. P., et al. (2010) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2009.12.020 · Cited by 7,575

MGMT Gene Silencing and Benefit from Temozolomide in Glioblastoma

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An Integrated Genomic Analysis of Human Glioblastoma Multiforme

Parsons, D. W., Jones, S., Zhang, X., Lin, J. C.-H., Leary, R. J., Angenendt, P., Mankoo, P., Carter, H., Siu, I.-M., Gallia, G. L., et al. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1164382 · Cited by 5,857

The Somatic Genomic Landscape of Glioblastoma

Brennan, C. W., Verhaak, R. G. W., McKenna, A., Campos, B., Noushmehr, H., Salama, S. R., Zheng, S., Chakravarty, D., Sanborn, J. Z., Berman, S. H., et al. (2013) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.09.034 · Cited by 5,016

Structural and functional features of central nervous system lymphatic vessels

Louveau, A., Smirnov, I., Keyes, T. J., Eccles, J. D., Rouhani, S. J., Peske, J. D., Derecki, N. C., Castle, D., Mandell, J. W., Lee, K. S., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14432 · Cited by 4,413

Safety and Tumor Responses with Lambrolizumab (Anti–PD-1) in Melanoma

Hamid, O., Robert, C., DAUD, A. I., Hodi, F. S., Hwu, W., Kefford, R. F., Wolchok, J. D., Hersey, P., Joseph, R. W., Weber, J. S., et al. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1305133 · Cited by 3,427

Molecular Profiling Reveals Biologically Discrete Subsets and Pathways of Progression in Diffuse Glioma

Ceccarelli, M., Barthel, F. P., Malta, T. M., Sabedot, T. S., Salama, S. R., Murray, B. A., Morozova, O., Newton, Y., Radenbaugh, A., Pagnotta, S. M., et al. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.12.028 · Cited by 2,210

Regression of Glioblastoma after Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy

Brown, C. E., Alizadeh, D., Starr, R., Weng, L., Wagner, J. R., Naranjo, A., Ostberg, J. R., Blanchard, M. S., Kilpatrick, J., Simpson, J., et al. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1610497 · Cited by 1,842

Hotspot Mutations in H3F3A and IDH1 Define Distinct Epigenetic and Biological Subgroups of Glioblastoma

Sturm, D., Witt, H., Hovestadt, V., Khuong-Quang, D.-A., Jones, D. T. W., Konermann, C., Pfaff, E., Tönjes, M., Sill, M., Bender, S., et al. (2012) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2012.08.024 · Cited by 1,828

Characterization of monoclonal antibodies generated to the 287–302 amino acid loop of the human epidermal growth factor receptor

Ho, E. C. H., Antignani, A., Sarnovsky, R. J., & FitzGerald, D. J. (2019) · Antibody Therapeutics · doi:10.1093/abt/tbz011 · Cited by 5

Assessing the antiproliferative effect of biogenic silver chloride nanoparticles on glioblastoma cell lines by quantitative image‐based analysis

Müller, N., Eugênio, M., Romão, L. F., de Souza, J. M., Alves‐Leon, S. V., Campanati, L., & Sant’Anna, C. (2021) · IET Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1049/nbt2.12038 · Cited by 4

Immunohistochemical Expression of PD-L1 and IDH1 with Detection of MGMT Promoter Methylation in Astrocytoma

Hareedy, A. A., Rohim, E. Z., Sheikh, S. A. E., & Shereef, Z. A. (2022) · Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.12.4333 · Cited by 4

Chronic administration of metformin exerts cytostatic and cytotoxic effects via the PP2A-GSK3β-MCL-1 pathway by inhibiting the tmCLIC1 membrane protein in glioblastoma-initiating cells

Cianci, F., Verduci, I., Cazzoli, R., Cannavale, G., Rey, G., Veronesi, M., Balboni, B., Ranucci, M., Palloni, L. M. G., Ballabio, F., et al. (2025) · Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/s13046-025-03577-3 · Cited by 3

Impact of radiotherapy delay following biopsy for patients with unresected glioblastoma

Gao, S. J., Jin, L., Moliterno, J. A., Corbin, Z. A., Bindra, R. S., Contessa, J. N., Yu, J. B., & Park, H. S.-M. (2022) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/2022.5.jns212761 · Cited by 3

TRIM21 drives glioblastoma malignancy via ubiquitination-mediated PDGFRA degradation

Gai, Q., Wang, C., Li, S.-D., Pang, B., Sun, Q., Zhou, H., Yao, X.-Y., Qin, Y., Yan, Q., Zhu, Y.-X., et al. (2026) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2026.218551 · Cited by 2

Updates on glioblastoma multiforme: From epidemiology to imaging and artificial intelligence

Bentourkia, M., & Abdo, R.-A. (2025) · Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging · doi:10.35711/aimi.v6.i2.108032 · Cited by 2

Radiogenomic characterization of response to chemo-radiation therapy in glioblastoma is associated with PI3K/AKT/mTOR and apoptosis signaling pathways

Beig, N. G., Hill, V. B., Verma, R., Varadan, V., Madabhushi, A., Tiwari, P., & Prasanna, P. (2019) · SPIE Medical Imaging: Computer-Aided Diagnosis · doi:10.1117/12.2512258 · Cited by 2

Synthesis, reactivity,in vitroboron neutron capture therapy assay, and molecular docking of fluorocyclocarboxyboranylamine

Zhu, Y., Cai, J., Zheng, C., Hosmane, N. S., & Takagaki, M. (2020) · Applied Organometallic Chemistry · doi:10.1002/aoc.5714 · Cited by 2

Geometric Analysis Of Brain Pathology Using MRI For Tumor Diagnosis

Akmakchi, A. S. M., & Çevik, M. (2022) · International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT) · doi:10.1109/ismsit56059.2022.9932707 · Cited by 1

Cellular signaling in glioblastoma: A molecular and clinical perspective

Ghosh, D., Pryor, B., & Jiang, N. (2024) · International review of cytology · doi:10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.01.007 · Cited by 1

The Co-Expression and Cellular Location of HER Family Members, EGFRvIII, Putative Cancer Stem Cell Biomarkers CD44 and CD109 in Patients with Glioblastoma, and Their Impacts on Prognosis

Mulliqi, E., Khelwatty, S. A., Bagwan, I., Kamaludin, A. I., Morgan, A., Long, N., Ashkan, K., & Modjtahedi, H. (2025) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers17071221 · Cited by 1

Prediction of Survival in Surgically Treated Glioblastoma Multiforme Utilizing DTI and Contrast-Enhanced MRI

Thomas, A., Sinha, M., Kumar, S., Das, A. K., & Singh, S. K. (2025) · Indian journal of radiology and imaging - new series/Indian journal of radiology and imaging/Indian Journal of Radiology & Imaging · doi:10.1055/s-0045-1807738 · Cited by 1

Modern Approaches to Anti-EGFR Therapy

Владимировна, Д. Е., Nadyrova, A. I., Luginskaya, S., Kosnyrev, A. S., Владимировна, У. В., & Ilinskaya, O. N. (2025) · Molecular Biology · doi:10.1134/s0026893325700347 · Cited by 1

CR13626: a novel oral brain penetrant tyrosine kinase inhibitor that reduces tumor growth and prolongs survival in a mouse model of glioblastoma.

Galimberti, C., Piepoli, T., Letari, O., Artusi, R., Persiani, S., Caselli, G., & Rovati, L. C. (2021) · PubMed Central · Cited by 1

Drug-Impregnated Polymer Delivery

Serra, R., Casaos, J., Tyler, B., & Brem, H. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813997-4.00014-1 · Cited by 1

Targeted local combination therapy with checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-NK cells in glioblastoma using DARPin-linked AAV vectors

Strecker, M. (2022) · Publication Server of Goethe University Frankfurt am Main (Goethe University Frankfurt) · doi:10.21248/gups.68021

Identification of novel genes with important functions in glioblastoma multiforme and acute myeloid leukemia

Harisankar, A. (2018) · Figshare

Impact of Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Glioblastoma

Silva, J., Miranda, A., Sousa, J., Pais, A. A. C. C., & Vitorino, C. (2018) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.78603

Análise do repertório de linfócitos T em pacientes com câncer: desvendando a resposta imune antitumoral em humanos

Pinho, M. P. (2019) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.42.2019.tde-02102019-155451

Topoisomerase and Tyrosyl-DNA-phosphodiesterase Ratio as an Indicator for the Response of Glioblastoma Cancer to Topoisomerase Targeting Anticancer Drugs

Wang, W. (2019) · FIU - Digital Commons (Florida International University) · doi:10.25148/etd.fidc007779

Genome Editing in Organoid to Improve Understanding of Human Disease

Zhou, B., & Liang, Y. (2022) · Stem cell biology and regenerative medicine · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-93056-1_9

Metformin antiproliferative activity is exclusively mediated by the membrane functional expression of the Chloride Intracellular Channel 1 in glioblastoma stem cellsPreprint

Verduci, I., Cianci, F., Cazzoli, R., Cannavale, G., Veronesi, M., Balboni, B., Ranucci, M., Palloni, L. M. G., Richichi, C., Faletti, S., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.12.31.522371

Optimization of SOX2 Expression for Enhanced Glioblastoma Stem Cell Virotherapy

Kim, D., Puig, A., Rabiei, F., Hawkins, E. J., Hernandez, T. F., & Sung, C. K. (2024) · Symmetry · doi:10.3390/sym16091186

The potential of pharmacological intervention targeting NEDD4 in glioma

Alrosan, A. Z., Momany, E. M. A., Heilat, G. B., Alrosan, K., Abu-Safieh, A. K., Khuzaie, S. A., & Alshalout, E. M. (2025) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42996

Additional file 1 of Berberine reduces temozolomide resistance by inducing autophagy via the ERK1/2 signaling pathway in glioblastoma

Qu, H., Song, X., Song, Z., Jiang, X., Gao, X., Bai, L., Wu, J., Na, L., & Yao, Z. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13357551

Additional file 1 of Crosstalk between microglia and patient-derived glioblastoma cells inhibit invasion in a three-dimensional gelatin hydrogel model

Chen, J.-W. E., Lumibao, J. C., Leary, S., Sarkaria, J. N., Steelman, A. J., Gaskins, H. R., & Harley, B. A. C. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13257512

Immunotherapy: Revolutionizing the Therapy of Glioblastoma

Ahmed, A., Arora, D., Kumar, A., & Agarwal, S. (2026) · Current Cancer Therapy Reviews · doi:10.2174/0115733947397297251201074529

A syngeneic glioblastoma mouse model with mesenchymal hallmarks

Joseph, J. V., Blaavand, M. S., Kelstrup, G. W., Rasmussen, S. A., Cai, H., Vendelbo, M. H., & Thomsen, M. K. (2026) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2026.02.018

Transdifférenciation radio-induite des cellules souches de glioblastome en cellules endothéliales

Deshors, P. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/143961e4z84c9z4ceaz9ec7z4312179bfb8f

Imagerie médicale computationnelle en neuro oncologie

Ammari, S. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/f149c4d6z3ec0z4a94z85f5zfcf3accf299d

VMAM–NET: A Model Agnostic Meta-Learning Network for Rare De Novo Glioblastoma Diagnosis

Singh, K., Malhotra, D., & Moctar, S. M. S. (2026) · Journal of Imaging Informatics in Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10278-026-02027-6

Integrative bulk and single-cell analyses implicate ASL in MIF-associated myeloid programs in glioblastoma

Zhao, W., Li, S., & Li, W. (2026) · Functional & Integrative Genomics · doi:10.1007/s10142-026-01973-2

Metformin Targets tmCLIC1 to Trigger Metabolic and Apoptotic Reprogramming in Glioblastoma

Mendoza, R., Cruz, I., & Lopez, C. (2025) · Archive of International Journal of Cancer and Allied Science · doi:10.51847/1cocz992tc

GOAT-NET model: Glioma-Oligodendro astrocytoma tumor network model based on the optimization-based few-shot learning technique

Singh, K., & Malhotra, D. (2026) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2026.116042

Unlocking glioblastoma: breakthroughs in molecular mechanisms and next-generation therapies

Rizwani, F., Patil, P., & Jain, K. (2025) · Medical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12032-025-02830-1 · Cited by 37

[Drug Therapy for Glioblastoma:Standard and Novel Treatments].

Otani, Y., Hirano, S., Ishida, J., & Tanaka, S. (2026) · PubMed · doi:10.11477/mf.030126030540040737

Frontiers in glioblastoma therapy: Novel therapeutics, molecular pathways, and future clinical perspectives

Pandey, S., Dwivedi, A., Singh, R., Habib, N., Kashyap, D., Saini, V., Singh, A., Sharma, A., & Jha, H. C. (2025) · Human Gene · doi:10.1016/j.humgen.2025.201507 · Cited by 5

Next-generation therapeutics for glioblastoma: Challenges and future directions

Blaquier, J. B., Lim-Fat, M. J., & de la Fuente, M. I. (2026) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.neurot.2026.e01050 · Cited by 1

Modern approaches to glioblastoma therapy

Kuznetsova, N. S., Гурова, С. В., Гончарова, А. С., Заикина, Е. В., Gusareva, M. A., & Сергеевич, З. М. (2023) · South Russian Journal of Cancer · doi:10.37748/2686-9039-2023-4-1-6 · Cited by 27