The DOI matches its Crossref record; 127 of the 127 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Current Understanding of Asthma Pathogenesis and Biomarkers
Open accessAbstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous lung disease with variable phenotypes (clinical presentations) and distinctive endotypes (mechanisms). Over the last decade, considerable efforts have been made to dissect the cellular and molecular mechanisms of asthma. Aberrant T helper type 2 (Th2) inflammation is the most important pathological process for asthma, which is mediated by Th2 cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-5, IL-4, and IL-13. Approximately 50% of mild-to-moderate asthma and a large portion of severe asthma is induced by Th2-dependent inflammation. Th2-low asthma can be mediated by non-Th2 cytokines, including IL-17 and tumor necrosis factor-α. There is emerging evidence to demonstrate that inflammation-independent processes also contribute to asthma pathogenesis. Protein kinases, adapter protein, microRNAs, ORMDL3, and gasdermin B are newly identified molecules that drive asthma progression, independent of inflammation. Eosinophils, IgE, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, and periostin are practical biomarkers for Th2-high asthma. Sputum neutrophils are easily used to diagnose Th2-low asthma. Despite progress, more studies are needed to delineate complex endotypes of asthma and to identify new and practical biomarkers for better diagnosis, classification, and treatment.
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Cites
MicroRNAs: Target Recognition and Regulatory Functions
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Type 2 inflammation in asthma — present in most, absent in many
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Genetic variants regulating ORMDL3 expression contribute to the risk of childhood asthma
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Lebrikizumab Treatment in Adults with Asthma
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Cited by
Fu, Y., Zhao, J., & Wang, Y. (2025) · Clinical and Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10238-025-01701-3 · Cited by 18
Metadata
- Authors
- Habib, N., Pasha, M. A., & Tang, D. D.
- Venue
- Cells
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-09-05
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 2764
- ISSN
- 2073-4409 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4294676234
- Cited by
- 299
- References
- 127
- FWCI
- 28.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
