CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 6Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesGrowth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth FactorsPituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 2 are not checked yet.

The Effect of GnRH Analogs on Body Mass Index in Girls with Central Precocious Puberty: A Single-Center Retrospective Study with a Literature Review

Open access
Cammisa, Ignazio, Malavolta, Elena, Arzilli, Federica, Rotunno, Giulia, Rigante, Donato, Cipolla, Clelia·2025·Children
DOI 10.3390/children12030336PMC PMC11941176
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Central precocious puberty (CPP) is defined by the premature onset of secondary sexual characteristics prior to the age of 8 and 9 years in girls and boys, respectively. The administration of GnRH analogs (GnRH-a) has become a cornerstone in the management of CPP, but effects on metabolic processes, particularly body mass index (BMI), remain a subject of ongoing investigation. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between GnRH-a treatment and BMI changes in a cohort of Italian children with CPP. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 34 girls with idiopathic CPP, all treated with GnRH-a. Anthropometric parameters including BMI were collected at three time points: baseline, one year after treatment, and one year after treatment cessation. A comprehensive review of the medical literature concerning GnRH-a and BMI was performed. Results: Statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon and McNemar tests revealed a significant increase in BMI-for-age z-scores after one year of GnRH-a, with a slight increase also observed one year post-treatment of CPP. These findings suggest that GnRH-a treatment contributes to an increase in BMI, particularly in CPP children with a normal weight at baseline, although the overall impact on the progression of obesity remains minimal. A review of the existing literature supports the notion that changes in BMI during GnRH-a treatment are influenced by various factors, including baseline BMI, gender, and metabolic processes. Conclusions: Despite our findings suggesting the potential impact of GnRH-a on BMI, further longitudinal studies are necessary to fully understand the long-term metabolic consequences of GnRH-a therapy in children with CPP.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/children12030336

Cites

46 of 48 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • In healthy children, GnRH activity is tightly regulated and actively inhibited through central neural mechanisms.

    “In healthy children, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) activity is tightly regulated and actively inhibited through central neural mechanisms [45].”

    From Endocrine Dysfunctions After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Present Insights and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [45]

    The Introduction describes premature activation of GnRH-secreting neurons in central precocious puberty, while the Discussion describes suppression produced by GnRH analog treatment. Neither passage addresses whether GnRH activity in healthy children is actively inhibited through central neural mechanisms; searches for prepubertal neural control and physiological inhibition found no such passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.72)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 49 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Metadata

Authors
Cammisa, I., Malavolta, E., Arzilli, F., Rotunno, G., Rigante, D., & Cipolla, C.
Affiliations
  • Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic (IT)
  • Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (IT)
Corresponding author
Cammisa, Ignazio
ORCID
Venue
Children
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2025-03-07
Volume
12
Issue
3
Pages
336
ISSN
2227-9067 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/children12030336
PMC
PMC11941176
OpenAlex
W4408240724
Cited by
6
References
49
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 3
FWCI
5.26
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Children (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
Keywords
central precocious puberty, GnRH analogues, body mass index, childhood obesity, idiopathic central precocious puberty, BMI-for-age z-score, girls, treatment discontinuation

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review