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Pyrolysis Valorization of Vegetable Wastes: Thermal, Kinetic, Thermodynamics, and Pyrogas Analyses
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In comparison to other methods, valorising food waste through pyrolysis appears to be the most promising because it is environmentally friendly, fast, and has a low infrastructure footprint. On the other hand, understanding the pyrolytic kinetic behaviour of feedstocks is critical to the design of pyrolysers. As a result, the pyrolytic degradation of some common kitchen vegetable waste, such as tomato, cucumber, carrot, and their blend, has been investigated in this study using a thermogravimetric analyser. The most prevalent model fitting method, Coats–Redfern, was used for the kinetic analysis, and the various mechanisms have been investigated. Some high-quality fitting mechanisms were identified and used to estimate the thermodynamic properties. As the generation of pyrolysis gases for chemical/energy production is important to the overall process applicability, TGA-coupled mass spectrometry was used to analyse the pyrogas for individual and blend samples. By comparing the devolatilization properties of the blend with single feedstocks, the presence of chemical interactions/synergistic effects between the vegetable samples in the blend was validated. The model, based on a first-order reaction mechanism, was found to be the best-fitting model for predicting the pyrolysis kinetics. The calculated thermodynamic properties (ΔH (enthalpy change ≈ E (activation energy))) demonstrated that pyrolysis of the chosen feedstocks is technically feasible. According to the TGA–MS analysis, blending had a considerable impact on the pyrogas, resulting in CO2 composition reductions of 17.10%, 9.11%, and 16.79%, respectively, in the cases of tomato, cucumber, and carrot. Overall, this study demonstrates the viability of the pyrolysis of kitchen vegetable waste as a waste management alternative, as well as an effective and sustainable source of pyrogas.
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Pyrolysis can transform biomass into syngas and biochar and waste plastics into low-molecular-weight hydrocarbon fractions resembling kerosene, gasoline, and diesel fuels.
“Pyrolysis, a thermochemical conversion process, demonstrates versatility by enabling the transformation of both biomass into products like syngas and biochar and also waste plastics into valuable low-molecular-weight hydrocarbon fractions resembling kerosene, gasoline, and diesel fuels [76][77][78][79][80].”
From Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [76]
The “Biomass waste” section describes pyrolysis producing char and gases and discusses a syngas mixture; Section 3.2 reports biochar yields from vegetable wastes. The paper does not support the separate claim that waste plastics yield low-molecular-weight fractions resembling kerosene, gasoline, and diesel; its References list a study involving polyethylene, but provide no such finding. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Metadata
- Authors
- Elkhalifa, S., Mariyam, S., Mackey, H. R., Al-Ansari, T., McKay, G., & Parthasarathy, P.
- Affiliations
- Hamad bin Khalifa University (QA)
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 5825, Qatar
- Corresponding author
- Parthasarathy, Prakash
- ORCID
- Venue
- Energies
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-08-28
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 6277
- ISSN
- 1996-1073 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4293531009
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 1.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Energies (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF) (NPRP11S-0117-180328)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Fuel Technology › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Thermal and Kinetic Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Municipal Solid Waste Management
- Keywords
- pyrolysis, tomato, cucumber, carrot, pyrolysis kinetics, Coats-Redfern method, activation energy, pyrolysis thermodynamics, devolatilization, feedstock blending, synergistic effect, waste valorization
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