The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Impact on Distribution Transformer Life Using Electric Vehicles with Long-Range Battery Capacity
Open accessAbstract
This paper presents a comparative analysis of the effects of short-range and long-range electric vehicles charging on transformer life. Long-range vehicles are expected to become more common in the future. They have higher battery capacity and charge at higher power levels, modifying demand profile. A probabilistic analysis is performed using the Monte Carlo Simulation, evaluating the transformer hottest-spot temperature and the aging acceleration factor. Residential demand is modeled based on real electricity measurements, and EVs’ demand is modeled based on real data collected from a trial project developed in the United Kingdom. Simulations are conducted considering the influence of ambient temperature analyzing summer and winter seasons and several EV penetration levels. Results show the impacts caused by long-range vehicles are more severe because they charge at higher power levels, especially during winter, when residential demand is higher. For penetration level of 50% during summer, the use of long-range EVs brings a minimum equivalent aging factor of 5.2, which means the transformer aged 124.8 h in a cycle of only 24 h, decreasing its lifetime.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Such a large-scale V2G implementation would require a substantial overhaul and investment in hardware like bidirectional inverters, software such as aggregator platforms, and protocols like ISO 15118 for secure data exchange [91].”
From Economic Impacts and Mitigation for the Grid Connected Electric Vehicle Charging: A Technical and Operational Overview (2026) · cites this paper as [91]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Simulation and the Monte Carlo Method
Rubinstein, R. Y., & Kroese, D. P. (2016) · Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1002/9781118631980 · Cited by 3,356
The coming electric vehicle transformation
Crabtree, G. W. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aax0704 · Cited by 345
Risk Assessment in Probabilistic Load Flow via Monte Carlo Simulation and Cross-Entropy Method
da Silva, A. M. L., & Milhorance, A. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Power Systems · doi:10.1109/tpwrs.2018.2869769 · Cited by 112
Technical and Economic Impact of PV-BESS Charging Station on Transformer Life: A Case Study
Affonso, C. M., & Kezunović, M. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid · doi:10.1109/tsg.2018.2866938 · Cited by 93
Self-citationRoy, P. K. S., Ilka, R., He, J., Liao, Y., Cramer, A. M., McCann, J., Delay, S., Coley, S., Geraghty, M. J., & Dahal, S. (2023) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2023.3276928 · Cited by 72
Reducing the Impacts of Electric Vehicle Charging on Power Distribution Transformers
Pradhan, P., Ahmad, I., Habibi, D., Kothapalli, G., & Masoum, M. A. S. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.3040056 · Cited by 66
Diahovchenko, I. M., Petrichenko, R., Petrichenko, L., Mahņitko, A., Korzh, P., Kolcun, M., & Čonka, Z. (2022) · Results in Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2022.100592 · Cited by 44
The Flexibility of Domestic Electric Vehicle Charging: The Electric Nation Project
Dudek, E. (2021) · IEEE Power and Energy Magazine · doi:10.1109/mpe.2021.3072714 · Cited by 42
Data-driven risk analysis of joint electric vehicle and solar operation in distribution networks
Palomino, A., & Parvania, M. (2020) · IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy · doi:10.1109/oajpe.2020.2984696 · Cited by 32
Nafisi, H. (2018) · International Journal of Ambient Energy · doi:10.1080/01430750.2018.1563816 · Cited by 31
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- (2012). IEEE Guide for Loading Mineral-Oil-Immersed Transformers and Step-Voltage Regulators (Standard No. C57.91-2011).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Chandra, I., Singh, N. K., Samuel, P., Bajaj, M., Singh, A. R., & ЗАЙЦЕВ, Є. О. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-88758-y · Cited by 60
Nugraha, S. D., Ashari, M., & Riawan, D. C. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3458982 · Cited by 15
Gaikwad, S., & Mehta, H. (2024) · e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering Electronics and Energy · doi:10.1016/j.prime.2024.100867 · Cited by 9
Çoban, H. H., Michailidis, P., Yildirim, Y. A., & Minelli, F. (2026) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su18020761 · Cited by 7
Loureiro, M., Pereira, R. M. M., & Pereira, A. J. C. (2026) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su18052191 · Cited by 7
Ikhajangbe, O. E., Dhulipati, H., & Liu, S. (2026) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2026.3684508 · Cited by 5
Nazarychev, A., & Tereshchenko, I. (2026) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en19112685 · Cited by 5
Ray, S., Kasturi, K., & Nayak, M. R. (2025) · Computers & Electrical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.compeleceng.2025.110766 · Cited by 4
Dynamic TOU Tariff for the Hierarchical Coordination of PEV Charging
Sanchez, A. M., & Romero, A. A. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery · doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2024.3523744 · Cited by 4
Distribution Service Transformer Loading Analysis with EV Grid Integration
Zhang, M., Liu, Z., Panossian, N. V., Ucer, E. Y., Pohl, E., & Kisacikoglu, M. C. (2025) · IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting · doi:10.1109/pesgm52009.2025.11225756 · Cited by 2
IoT-Enabled Real-Time Monitoring and Loss-of-Life Estimation of Distribution Transformers
Abdullateef, A. I., Olatunji, A., Sulaiman, A., Issa, A. Y., & Agbolade, O. M. (2025) · Computer Engineering and Applications Journal · doi:10.18495/comengapp.v14i3.1320
Wang, D., Shi, N., Kimber, A., & Wang, Z. (2025) · North American Power Symposium (NAPS) · doi:10.1109/naps66256.2025.11272391
Harini, P., Bhuvaneshwari, R., PeriyaSamy, V. M., Dr. Muthurajan, S., Balaraju, V., & Kumar, B. S. (2025) · International Conference on Evolutionary Computing and Mobile Sustainable Networks (ICECMSN) · doi:10.1109/icecmsn68058.2025.11382959
Comprehensive Assessment of Grid Benefits from Smart EV Charging Management
Zhang, M., Paudyal, P., Wang, W., Ghosh, S., & Bennett, J. (2026) · IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo · doi:10.1109/iteceats66641.2026.11592899
Operational risk assessment of distribution networks considering electric vehicle V2G strategies
Yang, X., Liu, H., Wang, H., Ren, K., & Geng, A. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-61145-x
Application of V2H to Mitigate Distribution Transformer Deterioration from EV Charging Loads
Singh, S. V. P., & Rather, Z. H. (2026) · IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation (SEFET) · doi:10.1109/sefet69291.2026.11687432
Santos, L. B. P., Tairo, D., Arias, N. B., Faria, L. T., & Soeiro, T. B. (2026) · Energy Conversion Congress and Expo Europe (ECCE Europe) · doi:10.1109/ecceeurope67962.2026.11738146
Metadata
- Authors
- Barros, A. M. P., Angelim, J. H., & Affonso, C. M.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal do Pará (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Affonso, Carolina M.
- Venue
- Energies
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2023-06-20
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 4810
- ISSN
- 1996-1073 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4381434613
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2
- FWCI
- 0.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Energies (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- PROPESP/UFPA (PAPQ) and CNPQ, Brazil
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Optimal Power Flow Distribution
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation
- Keywords
- electric vehicles, distribution transformers, transformer life, transformer aging, hot spot temperature, electric vehicle charging, EV penetration, residential electricity demand, seasonal effects, ambient temperature
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
