Advances in the Applications of Nanomaterials for Wastewater Treatment
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Freshwater is in limited supply, and the growing population further contributes to its scarcity. The effective treatment of wastewater is essential now more than ever, because waterborne infections significantly contribute to global deaths, and millions of people are deprived of safe drinking water. Current wastewater treatment technologies include preliminary, primary, secondary, and tertiary treatments, which are effective in removing several contaminants; however, contaminants in the nanoscale range are often difficult to eliminate using these steps. Some of these include organic and inorganic pollutants, pharmaceuticals, pathogens and contaminants of emerging concern. The use of nanomaterials is a promising solution to this problem. Nanoparticles have unique properties allowing them to efficiently remove residual contaminants while being cost-effective and environmentally friendly. In this review, the need for novel developments in nanotechnology for wastewater treatment is discussed, as well as key nanomaterials and their corresponding target contaminants, which they are effective against. The nanomaterials of focus in this review are carbon nanotubes, graphene-based nanosheets, fullerenes, silver nanoparticles, copper nanoparticles and iron nanoparticles. Finally, the challenges and prospects of nanoparticle utilisation in the context of wastewater treatment are presented.
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Nanotechnologies provide significant benefits for water decontamination due to their small size and the exceptional physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles.
“Nanotechnologies provide significant benefits for water decontamination due to their small size and the exceptional physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles.6”
From Emerging nanotechnology approaches for sustainable water treatment and heavy metals removal: a comprehensive review (2025) · cites this paper as [6]
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- Authors
- Epelle, E. I., Okoye, P. U., Roddy, S., Gunes, B., & Okolie, J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of the West of Scotland (GB)
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (MX)
- Dublin City University (IE)
- University of Oklahoma (US)
- Corresponding author
- Epelle, Emmanuel I.
- Okolie, Jude A.
- Venue
- Environments
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-11-10
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 141
- ISSN
- 2076-3298 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4308695215
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 138
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 4.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Environments (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Innovate UK (KTP 12079)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Environmental remediation with nanomaterials
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Studies
- Keywords
- nanomaterials, wastewater treatment, nanoparticle adsorption, carbon nanotubes, graphene nanosheets, C60, silver nanoparticles, copper nanoparticles, iron nanoparticles, pharmaceutical pollutants, emerging contaminants, pathogen removal, organic and inorganic pollutants
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