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Exploring Relationships between Socioeconomic Background and Urban Greenery in Portland, OR
Open accessAbstract
Do urban residents experience societal benefits derived from urban forests equitably? We conducted a broad-scale spatial analysis of the relationship between urban greenery and socioeconomic factors in the Portland metropolitan area. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index was derived from National Agriculture Imagery Program images to map urban vegetation cover, and Outdoor Recreation and Conservation Area data were used to identify green spaces. These measures of urban greenery were correlated with census data to identify socioeconomic factors associated with high levels of green inequity. Population density, house age, income, and race were strongly correlated with vegetation cover. However, the distribution of green spaces showed a much weaker relationship with socioeconomic factors. These results highlight the importance of different measures of access to urban greenery and suggest potential solutions to the problem of urban green inequity. Cities can use our methods to conduct targeted urban forest management to maximize urban forest benefits received by residents.
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“studies on the city have recently shown that racialized populations experience disproportionate exposure to extreme heat and have less access to refuge from high temperatures, be it green spaces or cooling centers (Nesbitt and Meitner, 2016;Voelkel et al., 2018).”
From Intersectional climate justice: A conceptual pathway for bridging adaptation planning, transformative action, and social equity (2022) · cites this paper as Nesbitt and Meitner, 2016
In the citing paper
“Portland has a long history of environmental racism, from redlining policies in the 20th century to the ongoing exclusion of non-white and low-income populations from green amenities, as studies on the city have recently shown that racialized populations experience disproportionate exposure to extreme heat and have less access to refuge from high temperatures, be it green spaces or cooling centers”
From Intersectional climate justice: A conceptual pathway for bridging adaptation planning, transformative action, and social equity (2022) · cites this paper as Nesbitt and Meitner, 2016
In the citing paper
“Although this choice does not diminish the environmental value of such initiatives, adaptation projects are shown to have a greater social impact on poorer neighborhoods, where residents are generally more vulnerable to heat (e.g., due to advanced age or pre-existing chronic medical conditions) and have less access to cooling options (Nesbitt and Meitner, 2016;Voelkel et al., 2018).”
From Intersectional climate justice: A conceptual pathway for bridging adaptation planning, transformative action, and social equity (2022) · cites this paper as Nesbitt and Meitner, 2016
In the citing paper
“Although this choice does not diminish the environmental value of such initiatives, adaptation projects are shown to have a greater social impact on poorer neighborhoods, where residents are generally more vulnerable to heat (e.g., due to advanced age or pre-existing chronic medical conditions) and have less access to cooling options(Nesbitt and Meitner, 2016;Voelkel et al., 2018).”
From Intersectional climate justice: A conceptual pathway for bridging adaptation planning, transformative action, and social equity (2022) · cites this paper as Nesbitt and Meitner, 2016
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Cited by
Nesbitt, L., Meitner, M. J., Girling, C., Sheppard, S. R. J., & Lu, Y. (2019) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.08.007 · Cited by 612
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Zuniga-Teran, A. A., Gerlak, A. K., Elder, A. D., & Tam, A. (2021) · Environmental Science & Policy · doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2021.10.001 · Cited by 82
Metadata
- Authors
- Nesbitt, L., & Meitner, M.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Meitner, Michael
- ORCID
- Nesbitt, Lorien
- Venue
- Forests
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2016-07-29
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 162
- ISSN
- 1999-4907 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2484803562
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 2.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Forests (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- cIRcle (University of British Columbia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Open Collections
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban Green Space and Health
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Urban Arborization and Environmental Studies
- Keywords
- urban vegetation, socioeconomic disparities, urban forests, green space accessibility, vegetation cover, urban forest management, population density, income, race, Portland metropolitan region
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
