Phenotypic Characterisation and Molecular Identification of Potentially Probiotic Lactobacillus sp. Isolated from Fermented Rice
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Fermented rice is known as a healthy food due to the presence of lactic acid bacteria. The study was carried out to identify and characterise the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from white and red fermented rice Bg (Bathalagoda) varieties. Fermentation was carried out naturally by soaking red, white, raw, and cooked rice in sterile distilled water (1:3) overnight at 27 °C in an earthen pot. Potentially probiotic bacterial were isolated and the species of the isolated lactic acid bacteria were confirmed based on 16S rDNA gene sequencing and were studied for phenotypic characteristics, including morphological, physiological (growth temperature, salt tolerance, milk coagulation), and biochemical (carbohydrate fermentation pattern) characteristics, using API 50CH kits. Distinct clusters of cocci (48), diplococci (30), and rod-shaped bacteria (30) were observed in fermented rice. Five species of lactic acid bacteria were identified, including Latilactobacillus curvatus GRLb1, 2, 10, and 11 (the predominant Bacillus species); Latilactobacillus graminis GRLb 8; Limosilactobacillus fermentum GRLb17; Weissella confuse GRLb4; and Pediococcus pentosaceus GRLc1. The base pair length of amplified DNA for the isolates was 1500 Bp. Most of the isolates were able to grow at temperatures ranging from 10 °C to 45 °C, tolerate up to 6.5% salt, and coagulate milk with homofermentative characteristics. The beneficial physiological and biochemical properties of isolated Lactobacillus species from fermented rice revealed their potential applications in the food industry. The similar species of bacteria that were isolated from different sources show their probiotic characteristics. Further studies are recommended to confirm their probiotic properties and health benefits.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The ability to ferment certain carbohydrates is plasmid-encoded, so loss or acquisition of plasmids can alter fermentation patterns.
“It is worth noting that the ability to ferment certain carbohydrates is plasmid-encoded20; therefore, the loss or acquisition of plasmids can lead to metabolic inconsistencies and alter the fermentation pattern.”
From Probiotic potential of Lactobacillus acidophilus TMPC 41127 isolated from traditional cheese in inhibiting Salmonella Typhi biofilms and virulence genes (2026) · cites this paper as [20]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study
Weisburg, W. G., Barns, S. M., Pelletier, D. A., & Lane, D. J. (1991) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.173.2.697-703.1991 · Cited by 11,970 · see citing works
Cowan and Steel's Manual for the Identification of Medical Bacteria
Cowan, S. T., Feltham, R. K. A., Steel, K., & Barrow, G. I. (1993) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511527104 · Cited by 3,244 · see citing works
Building Phylogenetic Trees from Molecular Data with MEGA
Hall, B. G. (2013) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/mst012 · Cited by 1,547 · see citing works
The proteotytic systems of lactic acid bacteria
Kunji, E. R. S., Mierau, I., Hagting, A., Poolman, B., & Konings, W. N. (1996) · Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · doi:10.1007/bf00395933 · Cited by 715 · see citing works
Probiotic bacteria in fermented foods: product characteristics and starter organisms
Heller, K. J. (2001) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/73.2.374s · Cited by 517 · see citing works
Handbook of Food and Beverage Fermentation Technology
(2004) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780203913550 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Lactic acid bacteria: from starter cultures to producers of chemicals
Hatti‐Kaul, R., Chen, L., Dishisha, T., & Enshasy, H. A. E. (2018) · FEMS Microbiology Letters · doi:10.1093/femsle/fny213 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Axelsson, L. T. (2004) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780824752033.ch1 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Valerio, F., Favilla, M., Bellis, P. D., Sisto, A., de Candia, S., & Lavermicocca, P. (2009) · Systematic and Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2009.01.004 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Roos, S., Engstrand, L. G., & Jonsson, H. (2005) · INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY · doi:10.1099/ijs.0.63083-0 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
DNA probe and PCR‐specific reaction for Lactobacillus plantarum
Quéré, F., Deschamps, A., & Urdaci, M. C. (1997) · Journal of Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.1997.00157.x · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Identification by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing of Lactobacillus salivarius Bacteremic Cholecystitis
Woo, P. C. Y., Fung, A. M. Y., Lau, S. K. P., & Yuen, K. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.40.1.265-267.2002 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Tajabadi, N., Mardan, M., Saari, N., Mustafa, S., Bahreini, R., & Manap, M. Y. A. (2013) · Brazilian Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1590/s1517-83822013000300008 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationProbiotic potential of spontaneously fermented cereal based foods - A review
Kalui, C. M., Mathara, J. M., & Kutima, P. M. (2010) · AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY · doi:10.5897/ajb2010.000-3062 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Klayraung, S., & Okonogi, S. (2009) · Brazilian Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1590/s1517-83822009000400005 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Yu, L., Qiao, N., Xiao, Y., Tian, F., Zhao, J., Zhang, H., Chen, W., & Zhai, Q. (2020) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods9101366 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Ahmadova, A., Todorov, S. D., Sfaxi, I. H., Choiset, Y., Rabesona, H., Messaoudi, S., Kuliev, A. A., Franco, B. D. G. D. M., Chobert, J., & Haertlé, T. (2013) · Anaerobe · doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.01.003 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Plasmids in Lactobacillus Strains Isolated from Meat and Meat Products
Ahrné, S., Molin, G., & Ståhl, S. R. (1989) · Systematic and Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1016/s0723-2020(89)80031-1 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Tilahun, B., Tesfaye, A., Muleta, D., Bahiru, A., Terefework, Z., & Wessel, G. (2018) · International Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1155/2018/8510620 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Kumar, R., Varman, D. R., Kanmani, P., Yuvaraj, N., Paari, K. A., Pattukumar, V., & Arul, V. (2010) · Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins · doi:10.1007/s12602-010-9052-5 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Khunajakr, N. (2008) · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Mohammed, M., El-Aziz, H. A., Omran, N., Anwar, S. A. M., Awad, S., & El‐Soda, M. (2008) · International Journal of Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.09.022 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Dahiya, D., & Nigam, P. S. N. (2022) · Fermentation · doi:10.3390/fermentation9010001 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Adikari, A. M. M. U., Priyashantha, H., Disanayaka, J. N. K., Jayatileka, D. V., Kodithuwakku, S. P., Jayatilake, J. A. M. S., & Vidanarachchi, J. K. (2021) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08136 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Brolazo, E. M., Leite, D. D. S., Tiba, M. R., Villarroel, M., Marconi, C., & Simoes, J. A. (2011) · Brazilian Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1590/s1517-83822011000100028 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Wang, H., Yu, W., Coolbear, T., O’Sullivan, D., & McKay, L. L. (1998) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.64.5.1673-1679.1998 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Lactobacillus nodensis sp. nov., isolated from rice bran
Kashiwagi, T., Suzuki, T., & Kamakura, T. (2009) · INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY · doi:10.1099/ijs.0.65772-0 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Vaccalluzzo, A., Pino, A., Angelis, M. D., Bautista‐Gallego, J., Romeo, F. V., Foti, P., Caggia, C., & Randazzo, C. L. (2020) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms8101607 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Mirzaei, H., & Abulfazl, B. (2012) · Annals of biological research · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Lactobacillus saerimneri sp. nov., isolated from pig faeces
Pedersen, C., & Roos, S. (2004) · INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY · doi:10.1099/ijs.0.03057-0 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Study on isolation of potentially probiotic Lactobacillus species from fermented rice
Jeygowri, N., Parahitiyawa, N., Jeyatilake, S., Ranadheera, S., & Madhujith, T. (2015) · Tropical Agricultural Research · doi:10.4038/tar.v26i3.8106 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationSulistiani, S., Abinawanto, A., Sukara, E., Salamah, A., Dinoto, A., & Mangunwardoyo, W. (2014) · International Food Research Journal · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Effects of Lactobacillus curvatus HY7602-Fermented Antlers in Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy
Jeon, H., Kim, Y., Jang, W. Y., Kim, J.-Y., Heo, K., Shim, J.-J., Lee, J.-L., Yang, D., & Kang, S. C. (2022) · Fermentation · doi:10.3390/fermentation8090454 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Sivanadanam, J., Vidya, P., Kumar, D., & Balakumaran, M. D. (2010) · Electronic journal of environmental, agricultural and food chemistry · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Kowsalya, M., Sudha, K. G., Ali, S., Velmurugan, T., Karunakaran, G., & Rajeshkumar, M. P. (2022) · Journal of Microbiology Biotechnology and Food Sciences · doi:10.55251/jmbfs.4908 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Mineral nutrients of 'pazhaya sadham': A traditional fermented food of Tamil Nadu, India
Kumar, P. P., Begum, V. H., & Kumaravel, S. (2012) · International Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.5897/ijnam11.068 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Bernard, D., Jeyagowri, N., & Madhujith, T. (2021) · Tropical Agricultural Research · doi:10.4038/tar.v32i4.8513 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 40 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 12
- Hui, Y. H.; Meunier-Goddik, L.; Josephsen, J.; Nip,W.; Stanfield. P.S. CRC press. Marcel Dekker, New York, 2004, pp 831.
- Blandinob, A.; Al-Aseeria, M.E.; Pandiellaa, S.S.; Canterob, D.; Webba, C. Review-Cereal-based fermented foods and beverages. Food Res Intern 2003, 36, 27-543. https://comenius.susqu.edu/biol/312/cerealbasedfermentedfoodsandbeverages.pdf
- Wikeramanayake, T.W. Legumes. In Food and Nutrition. 2 nd edition. Hector Kobbekaduwa Agrarian Training Institute: Colombo, Sri Lanka, 2002; ISBN: 955-565-000-4,168.
- Hatice, Y. Isolation, Characterization and determination of probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria from human milk. Thesis for Master of Science. 2007. Graduate School of Engineering and Sciences of Izmir Institute of Technology, Turkey. Retrieved: https://www.academia.edu/3341345/. Accessed October 16, 2011
- Marrokil, A.; Zuniga, M.; Kihal, M.; Martinez, G. Characterization of Lactobacillus from Algerian goats's milk based on phenotypic, 16SrDNA Sequencing and their technological properties. Braz J Microbiol 2011, 42, 58-171. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24031617/
- Holt, J.G.; Krieg, N.R.; Sneath, P.H.A.; Staley, J.T.; Williams, S.T. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9 th Ed; Williams and Wilkins. Baltimore, 1994, pp.505-542 Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 31 July 2023 doi:10.20944/preprints202307.2094.v1 · DOI
- Hoque, M.Z.; Akter, F.; Hossain, K.M.; Rahman, M.S.M; Billah, M.M.; Islam, K.M.D. Isolation, Identification and Analysis of Probiotic Properties of Lactobacillus Sp. From Selective Regional Yoghurts. World J Dairy Food Sci 2010, 5, 39-46. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262689581_
- Hassan, Z.; Effat, B.; Magdoub,M.; Tawfik,N.; Sadek, Z.; Mabrouk, A. Molecular Identification of lactic bacteria isolated from fermented dairy product. Intern J Biol Pharm Allied Health Sci 2016, 5,3221-3230. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311614672_
- Brolazo, E.M.; Leite, D.S.; Tiba, M.R.; Villarroel, M.; Marconi, C.; Simoes, J.A. Correlation between API 50CH and Multiple Polymerase Chain Reaction for the identification of Vaginal Lactobacillus in Isolates. Braz J Microbiol 2011, 42, 225-232. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3768916/
- Jeyagowri, N., Parahitiyawa, N.B., Jeyatilake, J.A.M.S, Ranadheera, C.S.; Madhujith, W.M.T. Antimicrobial activity of potentially probiotic Lactobacillus spp from fermented rice. Proceedings Peradeniya University International Research Sessions (iPURSE 2014) Peradeniya. Sri Lanka, 4 -5, July 2014; University of Peradeniya, Sri lanka,18, pp.182. https://www.pdn.ac.lk/ipurse/2014/proceeding_book/FL/210.pdf
- Divisekera, D.M.W.D.; Gooneratne, J.; Jayawardana, D. Isolation and characterization and identification of Lactic acid bacteria and yeast from fermented organically grown rice and coconut milk. In: Proceedings Peradeniya University International Research Sessions (iPURSE 2014) Peradeniya. Sri Lanka, 4 -5, July 2014;
- Sukumar, G.; Ghosh, A.R. Pediococcus spp. -A potential probiotic isolated from Khadi (an Indian fermented food) and identified by 16SrDNA sequence analysis. Afr J Food Sci 2010, 4,597 -602. https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJFS/article-full-text-pdf/C59614C25994 Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 31 July 2023 doi:10.20944/preprints202307.2094.v1 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Novel Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains from Regional Peppers with Health-Promoting Potential
Nuñez, I. M., Verni, M. C., Argañaraz-Martínez, E., Babot, J. D., Terán, V., Danilovich, M. E., Cartagena, E., Alberto, M. R., & Arena, M. E. (2024) · Fermentation · doi:10.3390/fermentation10040209 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Aggarwal, S., Kathuria, D., & Singh, N. (2025) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2025.106919 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Alizadeh Behbahani, B., Ghasemi, P., Vasiee, A., & Mousavi, Z. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-51296-2 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Similarly, Dumitru et al. 51 , showed that L. paracasei CCM 1837 and L. plantarum ATCC 8014 20 ; therefore, the loss or acquisition of plasmids can lead to metabolic inconsistencies and alter the fermentation pattern.”
Pandiyan, A., Gurung, M., Mulakala, B. K., Ponniah, S., & Yeruva, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1581723 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Dates, T., Harrison, L., Onyango, C. O., Wanga, L. A., Donde, O. O., Osano, A. A., & Ogendo, J. O. (2025) · The Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.microb.2025.100380 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Yit, H. Y., Shafiei, Z., Zin, N. M., & Said, M. M. (2025) · Archives of Oral Biology · doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106399 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Probiotic Lactic acid bacteria: A Promising alternative approach to control human threats
Ibrahim, O. M., El-Hawary, A., El-Sehrawy, M. H., & Ismail, M. K. A. (2024) · Al-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research · doi:10.21608/ajar.2024.246914.1291
Sivashankari, M. (2025) · Food science and nutrition · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1011367
Tulumoğlu, Ş., & Erdem, B. (2025) · International Dairy Journal · doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2025.106406
Tan, H.-L., Huang, F., Li, H., He, M.-Q., Wang, L., Zeng, X. Y., Huang, Y., & Ma, Y.-L. (2026) · Food Reviews International · doi:10.1080/87559129.2026.2705408
Chanthachaiyaphum, P., Wang, Y., & Wang, W. (2026) · Journal of Applied Research on Science and Technology (JARST) · doi:10.60101/jarst.2026.268321
Cereal-Fermented Lactobacillus Strains as Sources of Next-Generation Probiotic Supplements
Adebami, G. E., Maloma, M. R., Onalaja, M. K., Onalaja, M. T., Abrifor, F. E., Adebayo-Tayo, M. A. A. A. B. C., & Adebayo‐Tayo, B. C. (2026) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1016176
Behbahani, B. A., Ghasemi, P., Vasiee, A., & Mousavi, Z. E. (2026) · Journal of Food Measurement & Characterization · doi:10.1007/s11694-026-04882-x
- Authors
- Jeyagowri, N., Ranadheera, C. S., Manap, M. Y., Gamage, A., Merah, O., & Madhujith, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Vavuniya (LK)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Universiti Putra Malaysia (MY)
- University of Peradeniya (LK)
- Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Merah, Othmane
- Madhujith, Terrence
- ORCID
- Venue
- Fermentation
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2023-09-01
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 807
- ISSN
- 2311-5637 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4386367225
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2
- FWCI
- 1.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Fermentation (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Preprints.org (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- HETC (Higher Education for twentieth Century projects) (JFN/Vav-C/N1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › GABA and Rice Research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Reproductive tract infections research
- Keywords
- fermented rice, lactic acid bacteria, probiotic potential, Lactobacillus, Lactobacillus curvatus, Lactobacillus fermentum, Pediococcus pentosaceus, 16S rRNA identification, milk coagulation, salt tolerance, carbohydrate fermentation, Bacillus
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
