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Properties of Water Bound in Hydrogels

Open access
Gun’ko, Vladimir, Savina, Irina, Mikhalovsky, Sergey·2017·Gels

Abstract

In this review, the importance of water in hydrogel (HG) properties and structure is analyzed. A variety of methods such as 1H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), XRD (X-ray powder diffraction), dielectric relaxation spectroscopy, thermally stimulated depolarization current, quasi-elastic neutron scattering, rheometry, diffusion, adsorption, infrared spectroscopy are used to study water in HG. The state of HG water is rather non-uniform. According to thermodynamic features of water in HG, some of it is non-freezing and strongly bound, another fraction is freezing and weakly bound, and the third fraction is non-bound, free water freezing at 0 °C. According to structural features of water in HG, it can be divided into two fractions with strongly associated and weakly associated waters. The properties of the water in HG depend also on the amounts and types of solutes, pH, salinity, structural features of HG functionalities.

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Crossref · 10.3390/gels3040037

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Metadata

Authors
Gun’ko, V., Savina, I., & Mikhalovsky, S.
Venue
Gels
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2017-10-19
Volume
3
Issue
4
Pages
37
ISSN
2310-2861 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2766744214
Cited by
322
References
42
FWCI
4.35
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
gold

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Properties of Water Bound in Hydrogels. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3390/gels3040037
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Gun’ko, V., Savina, I., & Mikhalovsky, S. (2017). Properties of Water Bound in Hydrogels. Gels. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels3040037

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