Cited by 70Microencapsulation and Drying ProcessesProteins in Food SystemsPolysaccharides Composition and Applications

Alginate gel-based carriers for encapsulation of carotenoids: on challenges and applications

Open access
Milivojević, Milan, Popović, Aleksandra, Pajić-Lijaković, Ivana, Šoštarić, Ivan, Kolašinac, Stefan, Stevanović, Zora Dajić·2023·Gels

Abstract

Sodium alginate is one of the most interesting and the most investigated and applied biopolymers due to its advantageous properties. Among them, easy, simple, mild, rapid, non-toxic gelation by divalent cations is the most important. In addition, it is abundant, low-cost, eco-friendly, bio-compatible, bio-adhesive, biodegradable, stable, etc. All those properties were systematically considered within this review. Carotenoids are functional components in the human diet with plenty of health benefits. However, their sensitivity to environmental and process stresses, chemical instability, easy oxidation, low water solubility, and bioavailability limit their food and pharmaceutical applications. Encapsulation may help in overcoming these limitations and within this review, the role of alginate-based encapsulation systems in improving the stability and bioavailability of carotenoids is explored. It may be concluded that all alginate-based systems increase carotenoid stability, but only those of micro- and nano-size, as well as emulsion-based, may improve their low bioaccessibility. In addition, the incorporation of other biopolymers may further improve encapsulation system properties. Furthermore, the main techniques for evaluating the encapsulation are briefly considered. This review critically and profoundly explains the role of alginates in improving the encapsulation process of carotenoids, suggesting the best alternatives for those systems. Moreover, it provides a comprehensive cover of recent advances in this field.

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Crossref · 10.3390/gels9080620

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  • Alginate gels can encapsulate drugs or cells with minimal adverse effects due to their pH-dependent mild gelling ability.

    “Alginate gels can encapsulate drugs or cells with minimal adverse effects due to their pH-dependent mild gelling ability (Milivojević et al., 2023).”

    From pH stimuli-responsive hydrogels from non-cellulosic biopolymers for drug delivery. (2023) · cites this paper as Milivojević et al., 2023

    Section 4.3.1 (page unavailable) says alginate gels form under mild temperature and pH conditions using non-toxic calcium ions, making the method suitable for sensitive biomolecules or living cells. The Introduction discusses drug delivery, and Section 4.3 discusses cell immobilization. But the paper does not attribute minimal adverse effects in drug or cell encapsulation to *pH-dependent* gelation; it describes mild ionic gelation and pH-dependent acid gelation separately. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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3 of the 116 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 8

  1. [2]Milivojevic M. Pajic-Lijakovic I. Bugarski B. Biological Macromolecules in Cell Encapsulation Biological Macromolecules Elsevier Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2022 491 528
  2. [4]Milivojevic M. Pajic-Lijakovic I. Bugarski B. Recent Advances in Alginates as Material for Biomedical Applications Alginates Apple Academic Press New York, NY, USA 2019 25 88
  3. [9]Milivojevic M. Pajic-Lijakovic I. Bugarski B. Nayak A.K. Hasnain M.S. Gellan Gum in Drug Delivery Applications Natural Polysaccharides in Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications Elsevier Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2019 145 186
  4. [31]Green B.R. Parson W.W. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration Light-Harvesting Antennas in Photosynthesis Springer Cham, Switzerland 2009
  5. [62]Pajic-Lijakovic I. Milivojevic M. Levic S. Trifkovic K. Balanc B. Nedovic V. Stevanovic-Dajic Z. Radosevic R. Bugarski B. Matrix Resistance Stress Reduction—Prerequisite for Achieving Higher Concentration of Immobilized Cells Materials for Biomedical Engineering Elsevier Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2019 281 306
  6. [71]Wood R.J. Bioavailability: Definition, General Aspects and Fortificants Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition 2nd ed. Elsevier Ltd. Oxford, UK 2005
  7. [80]Indergaard M. Skjåk-Bræk G. Characteristics of Alginate from Laminaria Digitata Cultivated in a High-Phosphate Environment Twelfth International Seaweed Symposium Springer Dordrecht, The Netherlands 1987 541 549
  8. [124]Jafari S.M. Esfanjani A.F. Instrumental Analysis and Characterization of Nanocapsules Nanoencapsulation Technologies for the Food and Nutraceutical Industries Elsevier Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2017 524 544

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Authors
Milivojević, M., Popović, A., Pajić-Lijaković, I., Šoštarić, I., Kolašinac, S., & Stevanović, Z. D.
Affiliations
  • Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
  • University of Belgrade (RS)
Venue
Gels
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2023-08-01
Volume
9
Issue
8
Pages
620
ISSN
2310-2861 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4385462939
Cited by
70
References
116
Citations by year
2026: 23 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 1
FWCI
1.61
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Gels (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • AgroSpace (University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • TechnoRep (University of Belgrade – Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia (7750160, 451-03-68/2022-14/200135)
  • Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (7750160, 451-03-68/2022-14/200135)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Microencapsulation and Drying Processes
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Proteins in Food Systems
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Polysaccharides Composition and Applications
Keywords
sodium alginate, carotenoids, encapsulation, bioavailability, micro- and nanoparticles, biopolymer blends, food and pharmaceutical applications

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