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Cited by 9Antifungal resistance and susceptibilityInfectious Diseases and MycologyFungal Infections and Studies

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A Rare Case of Pulmonary and Gastrointestinal Mucormycosis Due to Rhizopus spp. in a Child with Chronic Granulomatous Disease

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Opara, Nnennaya U.·2022·Infectious Disease Reports
DOI 10.3390/idr14040062PMC PMC9408395
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Abstract

Mucormycosis is a rare but serious fungal infection caused by a mold family known as the Mucorales. These fungi exist throughout the environment, especially in the soil, leaves, compost piles, or decaying woods. Humans contract mucormycosis by coming in contact with the spores from fungus either by inhalation or through cuts on the skin. The population at risk for this life-threatening infection includes diabetes mellitus patients, cancer patients, premature infants, burn patients, and immunocompromised patients. The fungi that most commonly cause mucormycosis are the Rhizopus species, and the least represented are Apophysomyces species. Common clinical manifestations of mucormycosis include pulmonary, cutaneous, rhinocerebral, and gastrointestinal mucormycosis. Cases of lung mucormycosis are often misdiagnosed because of non-specific clinical symptoms and radiological features, and in many cases, have been diagnosed as aspergillosis due to similarities in signs, symptoms, and imaging presentation of the lungs. We present a pediatric case of a 6-year-old from Togo who presented to our hospital in Nigeria with dyspnea, fever, and abdominal pain of five-day duration. The child’s symptoms began 6-months prior, with dry cough, fever, fatigue, and chest pain and abdominal pain. The hospital in Togo where he lived suspected infection with tuberculosis (TB) despite a false-positive Mantoux test and negative chest X-ray. He was initially treated for TB with Isoniazid and vitamin B6 and was discharged home. Six months later, his symptoms have not improved, but became more severe with high grade fever 40 °C (oral reading), anorexia, fatigue, tachypnea, abdominal distention, and cough. The patient was immediately referred to our hospital in Abuja, Nigeria where more specific tests were ordered. He was eventually diagnosed with chronic granulomatous disease induced pulmonary and gastrointestinal (GI) mucormycosis due to Rhizopus spp. In this report, we discuss an unusual clinical presentation of an infection caused by Rhizopus spp., its management, and outcomes in a child with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD).

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Figures

Figure 1 Chest X-ray of the patient showing right pleural effusion.
Figure 1 Chest X-ray of the patient showing right pleural effusion.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 (a). LPCB mount of Rhizopus in the lung aspirate of the patient showing sporangiospore (green arrow) and sporangium (red arrow) of a Rhizopus spp. (b). LPCB mount of Rhizopus in the renal cyst aspirate of the patient showing rhizoid (yellow arrow) of a Rhizopus spp.
Figure 2 (a). LPCB mount of Rhizopus in the lung aspirate of the patient showing sporangiospore (green arrow) and sporangium (red arrow) of a Rhizopus spp. (b). LPCB mount of Rhizopus in the renal cyst aspirate of the patient showing rhizoid (yellow arrow) of a Rhizopus spp.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the abdominal CT scan showing large left renal cyst (red arrow) with hydronephrosis.
Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the abdominal CT scan showing large left renal cyst (red arrow) with hydronephrosis.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Chest X-ray of patient showing resolution of right pleural effusion on hospital admission day 7.
Figure 4 Chest X-ray of patient showing resolution of right pleural effusion on hospital admission day 7.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Opara, N. U.
Affiliations
Charleston Area Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author
Opara, Nnennaya U.
ORCID
Opara, Nnennaya U.
Venue
Infectious Disease Reports
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-08-08
Volume
14
Issue
4
Pages
579-586
ISSN
  • 2036-7430 (ISSN-L)
  • 2036-7449
DOI
10.3390/idr14040062
PMC
PMC9408395
OpenAlex
W4293105298
Cited by
8
References
13
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1
FWCI
0.86
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Infectious Disease Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infectious Diseases and Mycology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Fungal Infections and Studies
Keywords
mucormycosis, Rhizopus, chronic granulomatous disease, pulmonary mucormycosis, gastrointestinal mucormycosis, pediatric fungal infection, misdiagnosis as tuberculosis, immunocompromised patients, Mucorales, antifungal therapy

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A Rare Case of Pulmonary and Gastrointestinal Mucormycosis Due to Rhizopus spp. in a Child with Chronic Granulomatous Disease. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3390/idr14040062
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Opara, N. U. (2022). A Rare Case of Pulmonary and Gastrointestinal Mucormycosis Due to Rhizopus spp. in a Child with Chronic Granulomatous Disease. Infectious Disease Reports. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr14040062