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Cited by 115Agriculture and Farm SafetyMental Health Treatment and AccessSuicide and Self-Harm Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 137 of the 137 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Farmer Mental Health Interventions: A Systematic Review

Open access
Younker, Terasa, Radunovich, Heidi Liss·2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
DOI 10.3390/ijerph19010244PMC PMC8751007
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Abstract

The prevalence of mental health disorders and suicide amongst agricultural producers is a global problem. Community leaders, researchers, policymakers, and clinicians have mobilized to develop programs to address this issue. This study reviewed a wide range of mental health interventions targeting farmer mental health spanning over 50 years and examined their reported effectiveness and constraints. A total of ninety-two articles on farmer mental health were included in a final systematic review. Most articles were written concerning mental health literacy and peer and paraprofessional support interventions in the United States and Australia. Among the 56 studies reporting empirical evaluative data, 21 were mixed-method, 20 quantitative, 11 qualitative, and 5 literature synthesis. Non-experimental, self-reported, and qualitative data suggest efficacy of mental health literacy programs, peer and paraprofessional support, and community-based and agroecological interventions. However, most interventions were not subject to rigorous evaluation and only one intervention was evaluated using a control condition. The heterogeneity of existing studies and paucity of rigorous evaluation proscribes firm conclusions related to program-type efficacy. This review demonstrates that there is still a need for a stronger and broader evidence base in the field of farmer mental health interventions, which should focus on both holistic, multi-component programs and targeted approaches.

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Crossref · 10.3390/ijerph19010244

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Figure 1 Drivers of farmer mental health.
Figure 1 Drivers of farmer mental health.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Schematic for identifying studies.
Figure 2 Schematic for identifying studies.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Number of farmer mental health intervention studies from 1980 to August 2021.
Figure 3 Number of farmer mental health intervention studies from 1980 to August 2021.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Show all 134 references

Research works printed but not linked: 12

  1. Conger, R.D., Elder, G.H., Lorenz, F.O., Simons, R.L., and Whitbeck, L.B. (1994). Families in Troubled Times: Adapting to Change in Rural America, De Gruyter.
  2. Heffernan, 1986, Impact of the farm crisis on rural families and communities, Rural Sociol., 6, 160
  3. Taylor, J.E., and Charlton, D. (2018). The Farm Labor Problem: A Global Perspective. Academic Press.
  4. Blundall, 1986, The initial response from a community mental health center, Hum. Serv. Rural Environ., 10, 30
  5. Cecil, 1988, Stress: Country Style: Illinois response to farm stress, J. Rural Community Psychol., 9, 51
  6. Crawford, 1986, Response to the rural crisis: Missouri Cooperative Extension Service, Hum. Serv. Rural Environ., 10, 33
  7. Mermelstein, 1986, Farm Counseling Services, Inc, Hum. Serv. Rural Environ., 10, 32
  8. Mermelstein, 1986, MOFARMS, Hum. Serv. Rural Environ., 10, 33
  9. Stevens, 1986, Rural Interventions in Southwest Minnesota: A Private Nonprofit Human Service Agency, Hum. Serv. Rural Environ., 10, 31
  10. Breeze, 1987, Getting help: The first step towards farm health, Ext. Rev., 58, 32
  11. Herrick, 1986, Farmers revolt! Contemporary farmers’ protests in historical perspective: Implications for social work practice, Hum. Serv. Rural Environ., 10, 6
  12. Sridhar, 2006, Why do farmers commit suicide? The case of Andhra Pradesh, Econ. Political Wkly., 41, 1559

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Metadata

Authors
Younker, T., & Radunovich, H. L.
Affiliations
University of Florida (US)
Corresponding author
Younker, Terasa
ORCID
Radunovich, Heidi Liss
Venue
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-12-26
Volume
19
Issue
1
Pages
244
ISSN
1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/ijerph19010244
PMC
PMC8751007
OpenAlex
W4200496793
Cited by
115
References
134
Citations by year
2026: 18 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 7
FWCI
1.46
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
National Institute of Food and Agriculture (2019-70028-30434)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Agriculture and Farm Safety
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
Keywords
farmer mental health, farmers, mental health interventions, mental health literacy, peer support, paraprofessional support, community-based intervention, agroecology, suicide prevention, intervention effectiveness, evidence base
MeSH terms
Farmers, Agriculture, Mental Disorders, Humans, Mental Health, Suicide

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