PaLS study: tobacco, alcohol and drugs usage among polish university students in the context of stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic
Open accessAbstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and imposed restrictions were strong stress factors for young people, especially students. Increased alcohol consumption, smoking cigarettes, usage of heated tobacco products, and other stimulants are common methods of coping with anxiety. However, they can have serious negative health effects. A survey consisting of 12 questions related to mental health and psychoactive substance taking habits was distributed among Polish students between 22 February 2021 and 3 April 2021. A total of 1323 participants met all inclusion criteria (nfemales = 1021, nmales = 297, nother gender = 5). The mean age was 22 years old (±4.17); 47.62% were medical university students. A total of 71.92% reported negative impact, 8.25% did not notice changes, and 12.58% declared a positive pandemic impact on their mental health. A total of 12.58% declared an increase, 70.22% did not see any differences, and 17.20% reported a decrease in their psychoactive substance usage tendency due to the pandemic. Worse perceived psychologic well-being was correlated with a higher tendency to use tobacco (p < 0.001) and alcohol (p < 0.001), and not with marijuana and products containing tetrahydrocannabinol (p = 0.136), and hard drugs (p = 0.799). The majority of participants declared a negative pandemic impact on mental health and did not report significant changes in psychoactive substance taking habits. Medical personnel should be aware of the current situation and apply for proper prevention and treatment programs.
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A study in China involving 7,800 students revealed resilience, adaptive coping strategies, and social support played a mediating role between negative COVID-19 experiences and acute stress disorder (32).
“A study conducted in China, involving 7,800 students, revealed that resilience, adaptive coping strategies, and social support played a mediating role in the relationship between negative experiences with COVID-19 and acute stress disorder (32).”
From Mental health status and coping strategies during COVID-19 pandemic among university students in Central Serbia (2023) · cites this paper as [32]
The Results (section 3; page unavailable) identify this study as a survey of Polish students: 1,646 participated and 1,323 met the study conditions, contrary to the attributed study of 7,800 students in China. The cited paper also does not report the claimed mediation involving resilience, coping, social support, and acute stress disorder. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Jodczyk, A. M., Kasiak, P. S., Adamczyk, N., Gębarowska, J., Sikora, Z., Gruba, G., Mamcarz, A., & Śliż, D.
- Affiliations
- Medical University of Warsaw (PL)
- Corresponding author
- Kasiak, Przemysław Seweryn
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-01-23
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1261
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8835269
- OpenAlex
- W4207034575
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11
- FWCI
- 8.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny
- Uniwersytet Warszawski
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, university students, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, drug use, mental health, psychological well-being, stress, coping with anxiety, heated tobacco products, cannabis, hard drugs, medical students, Poland
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adolescent, Adult, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Female, Humans, Male, Poland, Students, Medical, Universities, Young Adult, Pandemics, Tobacco Products
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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