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Cited by 18Smoking Behavior and CessationGlobal Cancer Incidence and ScreeningChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research

Prevalence of Smoking Various Tobacco Types in the Kazakhstani Adult Population in 2021: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Glushkova, Natalya, Smailova, Dariga, Namazbayeva, Zhanar, Mukasheva, Gulmira, Zhamakurova, Ayaulym, Kuanyshkalieva, Asylzhan, Karibayeva, Indira K., Kauysheva, Almagul +3 more·2023·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
DOI 10.3390/ijerph20021509PMC PMC9865649
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Abstract

Tobacco use was the second-leading risk factor for death, accounting for 15.4% of total deaths in 2019. In 2019, 20.4% (2.7 million) of the adult population in Kazakhstan, 36.5% of men, and 6.0% of women smoked tobacco. A cross-sectional study of a random sample (n = 1201) was conducted between October and December 2021 in accordance with the STEPwise approach. The tobacco-use questions were focused on current and previous smoking status, initiation and duration of smoking, amount of tobacco use, exposure to secondhand smoke, and information related to quitting smoking. From 20.8% of smokers, 93.8% of men and 80.2% of women use tobacco products daily, χ2 = 10.983, p-score < 0.001. The earliest initiation of smoking was 6 years old. The prevalence of smoking tobacco products in Kazakhstan is 20.8%, which means that every fifth adult smokes. In addition, the proportion of smokers among men was 38.5%, and among women, it was 10.1%. A total of 93.8% of men and 80.2% of women smoked daily. The role of healthcare professionals in smoking prevention is very low, and only 16.9% of respondents have been advised to quit smoking in the last 12 months. New interventions for tobacco smoking prevention are urgently needed in Kazakhstan.

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Crossref · 10.3390/ijerph20021509

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  • Vape use among young people in Kazakhstan increased from 1.6% in 2014 to 5.8% in 2022.

    “which was reflected in a sharp increase in vape use among young people—from 1.6% in 2014 to 5.8% in 2022.”

    From Mobilizing for Health: A Case Study of Kazakhstan’s Vaping Ban Advocacy Campaign (2025) · cites this paper as [7]

    The Discussion mentions the possible growing popularity of vaping devices among women and reports 2014 adolescent smoking figures, but neither passage gives youth vaping rates. Searches for 1.6%, 5.8%, and 2022 youth vaping found no passage documenting the claimed increase. (LLM, conf=0.76)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • By 2023, national data for older adolescents (15-17 years) showed regular cigarette use dropped to 2% and vape usage surged to 12.5%.

    “By 2023, national data for older adolescents (15–17 years) revealed a dramatic change. Regular cigarette use had dropped to 2%, marking the lowest rate in the observed period. In contrast, vape usage had surged to 12.5%”

    From Mobilizing for Health: A Case Study of Kazakhstan’s Vaping Ban Advocacy Campaign (2025) · cites this paper as [7]

    The Discussion reports a 2014 survey of adolescents aged 13–15, not 2023 data for those aged 15–17. Searches for the claimed 2% regular cigarette use and 12.5% vape use found neither figure for that population in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The proportion of adolescents in Kazakhstan who use vapes nearly tripled between 2014 and 2023.

    “According to these studies, the proportion of adolescents in the country who use vapes has nearly tripled between 2014 and 2023 [4,5,6,7,8].”

    From Mobilizing for Health: A Case Study of Kazakhstan’s Vaping Ban Advocacy Campaign (2025) · cites this paper as [7]

    The Discussion reports 2014 smoking rates for adolescents, but does not identify those rates as vaping rates. Its mention of vaping concerns a possible explanation for increased tobacco use among adult women; the paper provides no 2023 adolescent vaping rate or 2014–2023 comparison (searched for adolescent vaping and a threefold increase). (LLM, conf=0.77)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cites

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Authors
Glushkova, N., Smailova, D., Namazbayeva, Z., Mukasheva, G., Zhamakurova, A., Kuanyshkalieva, A., Karibayeva, I. K., Kauysheva, A., Otyzbayeva, N., Kulzhanov, M., & Semenova, Y.
Affiliations
  • Al-Farabi Kazakh National University (KZ)
  • Kazakh National Medical University (KZ)
  • Department of Epidemiology, Evidence Based Medicine and Biostatistics, Kazakhstan’s Medical University “Kazakhstan School of Public Health”, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
  • Kazakhstan Medical University (KZ)
  • Nazarbayev University (KZ)
Corresponding author
Glushkova, Natalya
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2023-01-13
Volume
20
Issue
2
Pages
1509
ISSN
1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/ijerph20021509
PMC
PMC9865649
OpenAlex
W4316371714
Cited by
18
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 2
FWCI
3.20
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • Nazarbayev University Repository (Nazarbayev University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan (OR12165486)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
Keywords
smoking prevalence, Kazakhstan, sex differences in smoking, daily smoking, smoking initiation age, passive smoking, smoking cessation counseling, healthcare workers, tobacco control, smoking prevention
MeSH terms
Adult, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Smoking, Nicotiana, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Prevalence, Tobacco Products, Tobacco Use

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