COVID-19 Pandemic Responses among National Guard Service Members: Stressors, Coping Strategies, Sleep Difficulties and Substance Use
Open accessAbstract
The National Guard (NG) served as a critical component of the US COVID-19 response while concurrently managing personal COVID-19 responses. Understanding pandemic-related concerns, sleep difficulties, increased substance use, and stress management strategies can promote readiness for subsequent disasters. We surveyed 3221 NG service members (75% Army; 79% enlisted; 52% 30-49 years; 81% male) during COVID-19 (August-November 2020). Almost half were activated in response to COVID-19 (mean = 18.6 weeks) and completed the survey 2-3 months post-activation. Service members indicated great concern about family health (39%), the indefinite nature of the pandemic (35%), and their financial situation (23%). Over one-third reported changes in usual sleep amount, 33% described poor sleep quality, and 21% had trouble falling/staying asleep. Increased substance use was reported by 30%, including increased alcohol (13.5%), tobacco (9%), and caffeine/energy drinks (20.1%) consumption. Chi-square analyses and analyses of variance found those who activated reported more increased tobacco and caffeine/energy drink use versus non-activated, with no sleep difficulties nor alcohol use differences. Helpful stress management strategies included spending time outdoors (53%), exercising (48%), talking to family/friends (38%), and having a daily routine (38%). Specific health-, financial-, and job-related stressors were associated with COVID-19. Incorporating stress management in planning/preventive efforts promotes resilience during disasters.
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Among 3,221 National Guard service members surveyed after COVID-19 response, 21% had trouble falling or staying asleep.
“21% had troubles falling or staying asleep (77).”
From Sleep disturbances and psychological well-being among military medical doctors of the Swiss Armed Forces: study protocol, rationale and development of a cross-sectional and longitudinal interventional study (2024) · cites this paper as [77]
The Abstract reports a survey of 3,221 National Guard service members, and Results §3.3.1 reports that 21.3% had more trouble falling or staying asleep in the preceding four weeks. The timing qualifier is too broad: the Abstract says the survey took place during COVID-19 and that only the approximately half who were activated completed it 2–3 months after activation. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAmong 3,221 National Guard service members surveyed after COVID-19 response, 33% reported poor sleep quality.
“33% described poor sleep quality”
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- Authors
- Mash, H., Morganstein, J., Fullerton, C., & Ursano, R.
- Affiliations
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation (US)
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mash, Holly
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2023-05-05
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 5731
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10178564
- OpenAlex
- W4372291855
- Cited by
- 1
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1
- FWCI
- 0.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Defense
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Emergency Medical Services › Disaster Response and Management
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, National Guard, military personnel, stressors, coping strategies, sleep disorders, substance use, alcohol consumption, tobacco use, financial stress, disaster preparedness, resilience
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, Adaptation, Psychological, Caffeine, Female, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Substance-Related Disorders, Pandemics
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