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Utilizing User Preferences in Designing the AGILE (Accelerating Access to Gender-Based Violence Information and Services Leveraging on Technology Enhanced) Chatbot

Ngũnjiri, Anne, Memiah, Peter, Kimathi, Robert, Wagner, Fernando A., Ikahu, Annrita, Omanga, Eunice, Kweyu, Emmanuel, Ngunu, Carol, Otiso, Lilian·2023·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
DOI 10.3390/ijerph20217018PMC PMC10647327
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Abstract

Introduction: Technology advancements have enhanced artificial intelligence, leading to a user shift towards virtual assistants, but a human-centered approach is needed to assess for acceptability and effectiveness. The AGILE chatbot is designed in Kenya with features to redefine the response towards gender-based violence (GBV) among vulnerable populations, including adolescents, young women and men, and sexual and gender minorities, to offer accurate and reliable information among users. Methods: We conducted an exploratory qualitative study through focus group discussions (FGDs) targeting 150 participants sampled from vulnerable categories; adolescent girls and boys, young women, young men, and sexual and gender minorities. The FGDs included multiple inquiries to assess knowledge and prior interaction with intelligent conversational assistants to inform the user-centric development of a decision-supportive chatbot and a pilot of the chatbot prototype. Each focus group comprised 9–10 members, and the discussions lasted about two hours to gain qualitative user insights and experiences. We used thematic analysis and drew on grounded theory to analyze the data. Results: The analysis resulted in 14 salient themes composed of sexual violence, physical violence, emotional violence, intimate partner violence, female genital mutilation, sexual reproductive health, mental health, help-seeking behaviors/where to seek support, who to talk to, and what information they would like, features of the chatbot, access of chatbot, abuse and HIV, family and community conflicts, and information for self-care. Conclusion: Adopting a human-centered approach in designing an effective chatbot with as many human features as possible is crucial in increasing utilization, addressing the gaps presented by marginalized/vulnerable populations, and reducing the current GBV epidemic by moving prevention and response services closer to people in need.

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  • Focus groups in Ngunjiri et al. (2023) included sexual and gender minority adolescents alongside other youth groups, and findings highlighted the critical importance of anonymity, culturally sensitive language, and human-centered design principles for young people whose identities place them at heightened risk.

    “Focus groups included sexual and gender minority adolescents alongside other youth groups, and findings highlighted the critical importance of anonymity, culturally sensitive language, and human-centered design principles for young people whose identities place them at heightened risk.”

    From Artificial intelligence and immersive technologies for LGBTQ+ youth: a narrative review (2026) · cites this paper as Ngunjiri et al., 2023

  • Ngunjiri et al. (2023) developed the AGILE chatbot for gender-based violence information in Kenya.

    “The sexual health dimension of AI chatbot design for LGBTQ+ populations was further explored by Ngunjiri et al. (2023), who developed the AGILE chatbot for gender-based violence information in Kenya.”

    From Artificial intelligence and immersive technologies for LGBTQ+ youth: a narrative review (2026) · cites this paper as Ngunjiri et al., 2023

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Metadata

Authors
Ngũnjiri, A., Memiah, P., Kimathi, R., Wagner, F. A., Ikahu, A., Omanga, E., Kweyu, E., Ngunu, C., & Otiso, L.
Affiliations
  • LVCT Health Kenya, Nairobi P.O. Box 19835-00202, Kenya
  • Graduate School, University of Maryland, 620 W. Lexington Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
  • School of Social Work, University of Maryland, 525 W. Redwood Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
  • Faculty of Information Technology, Strathmore University, Nairobi P.O. Box 59857-00200, Kenya
  • Department of Health, Nairobi City County, Nairobi P.O. Box 30075-00100, Kenya
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2023-11-03
Volume
20
Issue
21
Pages
7018
ISSN
1660-4601
DOI
10.3390/ijerph20217018
PMC
PMC10647327
Cited by
15
References
6
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
Grand Challenges Canada (R-ST-POC-2206-53899)

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