The DOI matches its Crossref record; 15 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cigarettes Butts and the Case for an Environmental Policy on Hazardous Cigarette Waste
Open accessAbstract
Discarded cigarette butts are a form of non-biodegradable litter. Carried as runoff from streets to drains, to rivers, and ultimately to the ocean and its beaches, cigarette filters are the single most collected item in international beach cleanups each year. They are an environmental blight on streets, sidewalks, and other open areas. Rather than being a protective health device, cigarette filters are primarily a marketing tool to help sell ‘safe’ cigarettes. They are perceived by much of the public (especially current smokers) to reduce the health risks of smoking through technology. Filters have reduced the machine-measured yield of tar and nicotine from burning cigarettes, but there is controversy as to whether this has correspondingly reduced the disease burden of smoking to the population. Filters actually may serve to sustain smoking by making it seem less urgent for smokers to quit and easier for children to initiate smoking because of reduced irritation from early experimentation. Several options are available to reduce the environmental impact of cigarette butt waste, including developing biodegradable filters, increasing fines and penalties for littering butts, monetary deposits on filters, increasing availability of butt receptacles, and expanded public education. It may even be possible to ban the sale of filtered cigarettes altogether on the basis of their adverse environmental impact. This option may be attractive in coastal regions where beaches accumulate butt waste and where smoking indoors is increasingly prohibited. Additional research is needed on the various policy options, including behavioral research on the impact of banning the sale of filtered cigarettes altogether.
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In the citing paper
“A busy road with 25,000 cars travelling daily will generate up to 9 kg of particulate matter per kilometre of road, with no remediation [89].”
From Nanoparticles in Construction Materials and Other Applications, and Implications of Nanoparticle Use (2019) · cites this paper as [89]
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“Since 2005, the EPA, under the TSCA ruling, has received and reviewed over 160 new chemicals within the nanoscale materials bracket [89].”
From Nanoparticles in Construction Materials and Other Applications, and Implications of Nanoparticle Use (2019) · cites this paper as [89]
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Citations
Cites
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Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 17 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Toxicity of cigarette butts, and their chemical components, to marine and freshwater fish
Slaughter, E., Gersberg, R. M., Watanabe, K., Rudolph, J., Stransky, C., & Novotny, T. E. (2011) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc.2010.040170 · Cited by 373
Self-citationNanoparticles in Construction Materials and Other Applications, and Implications of Nanoparticle Use
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Littered Cigarette Butts as a Source of Nicotine in Urban Waters
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Metadata
- Authors
- Novotny, T. E., Lum, K., Smith, E., Wang, V., & Barnes, R.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- Novotny, Thomas E.
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2009-05-20
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1691-1705
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2697937
- OpenAlex
- W2118774542
- Cited by
- 336
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 6.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA061021, CA-61021)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Waste Management and Recycling
- Keywords
- cigarette butts, cigarette filters, hazardous waste, environmental policy, littering, beach litter, biodegradable filters, deposit system, smoking initiation, smoking cessation
- MeSH terms
- Environment, Humans, Smoking, Nicotiana, Tobacco Industry
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