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Spatiotemporal Data Mining: A Computational Perspective
Open accessAbstract
Explosive growth in geospatial and temporal data as well as the emergence of new technologies emphasize the need for automated discovery of spatiotemporal knowledge. Spatiotemporal data mining studies the process of discovering interesting and previously unknown, but potentially useful patterns from large spatiotemporal databases. It has broad application domains including ecology and environmental management, public safety, transportation, earth science, epidemiology, and climatology. The complexity of spatiotemporal data and intrinsic relationships limits the usefulness of conventional data science techniques for extracting spatiotemporal patterns. In this survey, we review recent computational techniques and tools in spatiotemporal data mining, focusing on several major pattern families: spatiotemporal outlier, spatiotemporal coupling and tele-coupling, spatiotemporal prediction, spatiotemporal partitioning and summarization, spatiotemporal hotspots, and change detection. Compared with other surveys in the literature, this paper emphasizes the statistical foundations of spatiotemporal data mining and provides comprehensive coverage of computational approaches for various pattern families. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2015, 4 2307 We also list popular software tools for spatiotemporal data analysis. The survey concludes with a look at future research needs.
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“High-resolution urban heat modeling involves large spatiotemporal datasets and repeated model training, which may require substantial computational time [17, 18].”
From GPU-Accelerated Deep Learning for Heatwave Prediction and Urban Heat Risk Assessment (2026) · cites this paper as [17]
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A Regression Method for Spatial Disease Rates: An Estimating Function Approach
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CrimeStat IV: A Spatial Statistics Program for the Analysis of Crime Incident Locations, Version 4.0
Levine, N. N. (2013) · National Institute of Justice (U.S.) · Cited by 56
Mixed-Drove Spatio-Temporal Co-occurence Pattern Mining: A Summary of Results
Çelik, M., Shekhar, S., Rogers, J., Shine, J. A., & Yoo, J. S. (2006) · Proceedings · doi:10.1109/icdm.2006.112 · Cited by 53
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An Efficient Reference-Based Approach to Outlier Detection in Large Datasets
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A Space-Time Scan Statistic for Detecting Emerging Outbreaks
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Chen, F., Lu, C., & Boedihardjo, A. P. (2010) · ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD) · doi:10.1145/1835804.1835939 · Cited by 42
Spatiotemporal change footprint pattern discovery: an inter‐disciplinary survey
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Self-citationA filter-and-refine approach to mine spatiotemporal co-occurrences
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Correlation analysis of spatial time series datasets: a filter-and-refine approach
Zhang, P., Huang, Y., Shekhar, S., & Kumar, V. (2003) · doi:10.5555/1760894.1760964 · Cited by 35
Self-citationA LRT framework for fast spatial anomaly detection
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Cascading spatio-temporal pattern discovery: A summary of results
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Mining Complex Spatio-Temporal Sequence Patterns
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STAGGER: Periodicity Mining of Data Streams Using Expanding Sliding Windows
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GIS in Environmental Management
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Detecting Graph-based Spatial Outliers: Algorithms and Applications
Shekhar, S., Lu, C., & Zhang, P. (2001) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota) · Cited by 28
Self-citationSummarizing trajectories into k -primary corridors
Evans, M. R., Oliver, D., Shekhar, S., & Harvey, F. (2012) · ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems (SIGSPATIAL GIS) · doi:10.1145/2424321.2424388 · Cited by 28
Self-citationExploiting Spatial Autocorrelation to Efficiently Process Correlation-Based Similarity Queries
Zhang, P., Huang, Y., Shekhar, S., & Kumar, V. (2003) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-45072-6_26 · Cited by 28
Self-citationUsing Time Series Segmentation for Deriving Vegetation Phenology Indices from MODIS NDVI Data
Chandola, V., Hui, D., Gu, L., Bhaduri, B., & Vatsavai, R. R. (2010) · IEEE ... International Conference on Data Mining workshops · doi:10.1109/icdmw.2010.143 · Cited by 27
A Critical-Time-Point Approach to All-Start-Time Lagrangian Shortest Paths: A Summary of Results
Gunturi, V. M. V., Nunes, E., Yang, K., & Shekhar, S. (2011) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-22922-0_6 · Cited by 27
Self-citationDetection and Exploration of Outlier Regions in Sensor Data Streams
Franke, C., & Gertz, M. (2008) · IEEE ... International Conference on Data Mining workshops · doi:10.1109/icdmw.2008.21 · Cited by 26
Prospective spatio-temporal data analysis for security informatics1
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Climate Multi-model Regression Using Spatial Smoothing
Subbian, K., & Banerjee, A. (2013) · SIAM International Conference on Data Mining · doi:10.1137/1.9781611972832.36 · Cited by 24
Betweenness Centrality Measure in Dynamic Networks
Tantipathananandh, C., & Berger-Wolf, T. Y. (2007) · Cited by 23
A K-Main Routes Approach to Spatial Network Activity Summarization
Oliver, D., Shekhar, S., Kang, J. M., Laubscher, R., Carlan, V., & Bannur, A. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering · doi:10.1109/tkde.2013.135 · Cited by 23
Self-citationA Stochastic Model for Context-Aware Anomaly Detection in Indoor Location Traces
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Multilevel object-oriented classification of quickbird images for urban population estimates
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Finding Sequential Patterns from Massive Number of Spatio-Temporal Events
Huang, Y., Zhang, L., & Zhang, P. (2006) · SIAM International Conference on Data Mining · doi:10.1137/1.9781611972764.75 · Cited by 19
Mining trajectories of moving dynamic spatio-temporal regions in sensor datasets
McGuire, M. P., Janeja, V. P., & Gangopadhyay, A. (2013) · Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery · doi:10.1007/s10618-013-0324-z · Cited by 19
Generalizing Ripley's K function to inhomogeneous populations
Marcon, É., & Puech, F. (2009) · Cited by 19
Fast and exact network trajectory similarity computation
Evans, M. R., Oliver, D., Shekhar, S., & Harvey, F. (2013) · ACM SIGKDD International Workshop on Urban Computing (UrbComp) · doi:10.1145/2505821.2505835 · Cited by 18
Self-citationTesting the significance of spatio-temporal teleconnection patterns
Kawale, J., Chatterjee, S., Ormsby, D., Steinhaeuser, K., Liess, S., & Kumar, V. (2012) · ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD) · doi:10.1145/2339530.2339634 · Cited by 18
On detecting spatial categorical outliers
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Discovering Flow Anomalies: A SWEET Approach
Kang, J. M., Shekhar, S., Wennen, C. R., & Novak, P. J. (2008) · Proceedings · doi:10.1109/icdm.2008.117 · Cited by 16
Self-citationRepresenting and Reasoning about Changing Spatial Extensions of Geographic Features
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A K-Main Routes Approach to Spatial Network Activity Summarization: A Summary of Results
Oliver, D., Bannur, A., Kang, J. M., Shekhar, S., & Bousselaire, R. (2010) · IEEE ... International Conference on Data Mining workshops · doi:10.1109/icdmw.2010.156 · Cited by 15
Self-citationAn Intelligent Vehicle Highway Information Management System
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Self-citationA Critical-Time-Point Approach to All-Departure-Time Lagrangian Shortest Paths
Gunturi, V. M. V., Shekhar, S., & Yang, K. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering · doi:10.1109/tkde.2015.2426701 · Cited by 13
Self-citationSpatiotemporal summarization of traffic data streams
Pan, B., Demiryurek, U., Banaei‐Kashani, F., & Shahabi, C. (2010) · International Workshop on GeoStreaming · doi:10.1145/1878500.1878504 · Cited by 12
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Cascading Spatio-temporal Pattern Discovery: A Summary of Results
Mohan, P., Shekhar, S., Shine, J. A., & Rogers, J. P. (2010) · Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) · doi:10.21236/ada543073 · Cited by 11
Self-citationLagrangian Xgraphs: A Logical Data-Model for Spatio-Temporal Network Data: A Summary
Gunturi, V. M. V., & Shekhar, S. (2014) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-12256-4_21 · Cited by 9
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Discovering Non-compliant Window Co-Occurrence Patterns: A Summary of Results
Ali, R. Y., Gunturi, V. M. V., Kotz, A. J., Shekhar, S., & Northrop, W. F. (2015) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22363-6_21 · Cited by 8
Self-citationA Model-Agnostic Framework for Fast Spatial Anomaly Detection
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Metadata
- Authors
- Shekhar, S., Jiang, Z., Ali, R., Eftelioglu, E., Tang, X., Gunturi, V., & Zhou, X.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi (IN)
- University of Iowa (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jiang, Zhe
- Venue
- ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2015-10-28
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 2306-2338
- ISSN
- 2220-9964 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1850843018
- Cited by
- 206
- References
- 185
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 7
- FWCI
- 17.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Repository@Hull (Worktribe) (University of Hull) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0940818, 1218168, 1320580, 1029711)
- U.S. Department of Defense (HM02101310005, HM15820810017)
- University of Minnesota
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Data Management and Algorithms
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Data Mining Algorithms and Applications
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Spatial and Panel Data Analysis
- Keywords
- spatio-temporal data mining, spatiotemporal patterns, telecoupling, spatiotemporal prediction, change detection, spatio-temporal databases, statistical foundations
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