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Cited by 72Bone Tissue Engineering Materials3D Printing in Biomedical ResearchAnatomy and Medical Technology

A New Bone Substitute Developed from 3D-Prints of Polylactide (PLA) Loaded with Collagen I: An In Vitro Study

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Ritz, Ulrike, Gerke, Rebekka, Götz, Hermann, Stein, Stefan, Rommens, Pol Maria·2017·International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DOI 10.3390/ijms18122569PMC PMC5751172
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Abstract

Although a lot of research has been performed, large segmental bone defects caused by trauma, infection, bone tumors or revision surgeries still represent big challenges for trauma surgeons. New and innovative bone substitutes are needed. Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a novel procedure to create 3D porous scaffolds that can be used for bone tissue engineering. In the present study, solid discs as well as porous cage-like 3D prints made of polylactide (PLA) are coated or filled with collagen, respectively, and tested for biocompatibility and endotoxin contamination. Microscopic analyses as well as proliferation assays were performed using various cell types on PLA discs. Stromal-derived factor (SDF-1) release from cages filled with collagen was analyzed and the effect on endothelial cells tested. This study confirms the biocompatibility of PLA and demonstrates an endotoxin contamination clearly below the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) limit. Cells of various cell types (osteoblasts, osteoblast-like cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells) grow, spread and proliferate on PLA-printed discs. PLA cages loaded with SDF-1 collagen display a steady SDF-1 release, support cell growth of endothelial cells and induce neo-vessel formation. These results demonstrate the potential for PLA scaffolds printed with an inexpensive desktop printer in medical applications, for example, in bone tissue engineering.

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  • PLA blending with other bio-based materials or fossil-based polymers with better wettability and faster bioresorbability provides an effective solution to modulate its biodegradability, with respect to the time required for tissue growth and regeneration.

    “PLA blending with other bio-based materials or FBP with better wettability and faster bioresorbability provides an effective solution to modulate its biodegradability, with respect to the time required for tissue growth and regeneration [91].”

    From Resorbable Biomaterials Used for 3D Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering: A Review (2023) · cites this paper as [91]

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  • The research confirmed the biocompatibility of PLA, as well as endotoxin contamination levels, that were below the FDA limit.

    “The research confirmed the biocompatibility of PLA, as well as endotoxin contamination levels, that were below the FDA limit.”

    From Resorbable Biomaterials Used for 3D Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering: A Review (2023) · cites this paper as [91]

  • PLA-printed discs supported the growth, spreading, and proliferation of various cell types, such as osteoblasts, osteoblast-like cells, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

    “In addition, PLA-printed discs supported the growth, spreading, and proliferation of various cell types, such as osteoblasts, osteoblast-like cells, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells.”

    From Resorbable Biomaterials Used for 3D Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering: A Review (2023) · cites this paper as [91]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Ritz, U., Gerke, R., Götz, H., Stein, S., & Rommens, P. M.
Affiliations
  • Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
  • Georg Speyer Haus (DE)
Corresponding author
Ritz, Ulrike
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2017-11-29
Volume
18
Issue
12
Pages
2569
ISSN
1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/ijms18122569
PMC
PMC5751172
OpenAlex
W2773456368
Cited by
72
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7
FWCI
3.20
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • Gutenberg Open Science (submittedVersion, cc-by-nd)
  • Gutenberg Open Science (cc-by)
Funders
BiomaTiCS
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Anatomy and Medical Technology
Keywords
polylactic acid, type I collagen, 3D-printed scaffolds, bone substitutes, bone tissue engineering, biocompatibility, endotoxin contamination, CXCL12, endothelial cell proliferation, neovascularization, osteoblasts, fibroblasts, segmental bone defect
MeSH terms
Bone Regeneration, Cell Line, Humans, Osteogenesis, Polyesters, Tissue Engineering, Collagen Type I, Cell Proliferation, Chemokine CXCL12, Tissue Scaffolds

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