The DOI matches its Crossref record; 182 of the 182 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Breast Cancer: From Molecular Landscape to Clinical Aspects
Open accessAbstract
Breast cancer is a serious health problem worldwide, representing the second cause of death through malignancies among women in developed countries. Population, endogenous and exogenous hormones, and physiological, genetic and breast-related factors are involved in breast cancer pathogenesis. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a signaling pathway involved in cell proliferation, survival, invasion, migration, apoptosis, glucose metabolism and DNA repair. In breast tumors, PIK3CA somatic mutations have been reported, located in exon 9 and exon 20. Up to 40% of PIK3CA mutations are estrogen receptor (ER) positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) -negative in primary and metastatic breast cancer. HER2 is overexpressed in 20–30% of breast cancers. HER1, HER2, HER3 and HER4 are membrane receptor tyrosine kinases involved in HER signaling to which various ligands can be attached, leading to PI3K/AKT activation. Currently, clinical studies evaluate inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis. The main purpose of this review is to present general aspects of breast cancer, the components of the AKT signaling pathway, the factors that activate this protein kinase B, PI3K/AKT-breast cancer mutations, PI3K/AKT/mTOR-inhibitors, and the relationship between everolimus, temsirolimus and endocrine therapy.
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Revealing the Potency of Growth Factors in Bovine Colostrum
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Metadata
- Authors
- Miricescu, D., Totan, A., Stanescu-Spinu, I.-I., Badoiu, S. C., Stefani, C., & Greabu, M.
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-12-26
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 173
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3113405673
- Cited by
- 845
- References
- 182
- FWCI
- 23.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
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- Miricescu, D., Totan, A., Stanescu-Spinu, I.-I., Badoiu, S. C., Stefani, C., & Greabu, M. (2020). PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Breast Cancer: From Molecular Landscape to Clinical Aspects. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010173
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
