Epithelial Regeneration Ability of Crohn’s Disease Assessed Using Patient-Derived Intestinal Organoids
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Little is known about the ability for epithelial regeneration and wound healing in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. We evaluated the epithelial proliferation and wound healing ability of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) using patient-derived intestinal organoids. Human intestinal organoids were constructed in a three-dimensional intestinal crypt culture of enteroscopic biopsy samples from controls and CD patients. The organoid-forming efficiency of ileal crypts derived from CD patients was reduced compared with those from control subjects (p < 0.001). Long-term cultured organoids (≥6 passages) derived from controls and CD patients showed an indistinguishable microscopic appearance and culturing behavior. Under TNFα-enriched conditions (30 ng/mL), the organoid reconstitution rate and cell viability of CD patient-derived organoids were significantly lower than those of the control organoids (p < 0.05 for each). The number of EdU+ cells was significantly lower in TNFα-treated organoids derived from CD patients than in TNFα-treated control organoids (p < 0.05). In a wound healing assay, the unhealed area in TNFα-treated CD patient-derived organoids was significantly larger than that of TNFα-treated control organoids (p < 0.001). The wound healing ability of CD patient-derived organoids is reduced in TNFα-enriched conditions, due to reduced cell proliferation. Epithelial regeneration ability may be impaired in patients with CD.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
PDO retain the morphological and characteristics of human primary tumors.
“PDO have become an effective clinical-related model for predicting the drug responses, and they retain the morphological and characteristics of human primary tumors (38–40).”
From Small-molecule PROTAC mediates targeted protein degradation to treat STAT3-dependent epithelial cancer (2022) · cites this paper as [39]
The Introduction describes patient-derived intestinal organoids as models for studying epithelial regeneration in Crohn’s disease. The Results discuss their shapes and differences in gene expression from intestinal biopsies, but do not address whether organoids retain the morphology or characteristics of primary human tumors. Searches for tumor-derived organoids and resemblance to original tumors found no supporting passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt-villus structures in vitro without a mesenchymal niche
Sato, T., Vries, R. G., Snippert, H. J., van de Wetering, M., Barker, N., Stange, D. E., van Es, J. H., Abo, A., Kujala, P., Peters, P. J., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07935 · Cited by 7,204 · see citing works
Sato, T., Stange, D. E., Ferrante, M., Vries, R. G. J., van Es, J. H., van den Brink, S., van Houdt, W. J., Pronk, A., van Gorp, J., Siersema, P. D., et al. (2011) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2011.07.050 · Cited by 3,753 · see citing works
Torres, J., Mehandru, S., Colombel, J., & Peyrin‐Biroulet, L. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31711-1 · Cited by 2,703 · see citing works
Human organoids: model systems for human biology and medicine
Kim, J., Koo, B.-K., & Knoblich, J. A. (2020) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41580-020-0259-3 · Cited by 2,187 · see citing works
Sedger, L. M., & McDermott, M. (2014) · Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.07.016 · Cited by 774 · see citing works
Loss of Response to Anti-TNFs: Definition, Epidemiology, and Management
Roda, G., Jharap, B., Narula, N., & Colombel, J. (2016) · Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ctg.2015.63 · Cited by 724 · see citing works
Tumour necrosis factor alpha in stool as a marker of intestinal inflammation
Braegger, C., Nicholls, S. J., MURCH, S. H., MacDonald, T. T., & Stephens, S. (1992) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(92)90999-j · Cited by 683 · see citing works
Lgr5 stem cells are indispensable for radiation-induced intestinal regeneration
Metcalfe, C., Kljavin, N. M., Ybarra, R., & de Sauvage, F. J. (2014) · Cell Stem Cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2013.11.008 · Cited by 575 · see citing works
Kim, Y., Morgan, M. J., Choksi, S., & Liu, Z.-G. (2007) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2007.04.021 · Cited by 517 · see citing works
Self-citationFordham, R. P., Yui, S., Hannan, N. R. F., Soendergaard, C., Madgwick, A., Schweiger, P. J., Nielsen, O. H., Vallier, L., Pedersen, R. A., Nakamura, T., et al. (2013) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2013.09.015 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Epithelial restitution and wound healing in inflammatory bowel disease
Sturm, A., & Dignass, A. U. (2008) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.14.348 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Wound healing and fibrosis in intestinal disease
Rieder, F., Brenmoehl, J., Leeb, S. N., Schölmerich, J., & Rogler, G. (2006) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.2006.090456 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Stephens, M., & von der Weid, P. (2019) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2019.1629235 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Autophagy protein ATG16L1 prevents necroptosis in the intestinal epithelium
Matsuzawa, Y., Shono, Y., Gomez, L. E., Hubbard-Lucey, V. M., Cammer, M., Neil, J. A., Dewan, M. Z., Lieberman, S. R., Lazrak, A., Marinis, J. M., et al. (2017) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20170558 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Nusrat, A., Delp, C., & Madara, J. L. (1992) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci115741 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Regulation of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Expression in Endothelial Cells
Csiszár, A., Smith, K. E., Koller, Á., Kaley, G., Edwards, J. G., & Ungvari, Z. I. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000164201.40634.1d · Cited by 218 · see citing works
A nomenclature for intestinal in vitro cultures
Stelzner, M., Helmrath, M., Dunn, J. C. Y., Henning, S. J., Houchen, C. W., Kuo, C., Lynch, J., Li, L., Magness, S. T., Martin, M. G., et al. (2012) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00493.2011 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Willett, C. G., Ooi, C. J., Zietman, A. L., Menon, V., Goldberg, S. I., Sands, B. E., & Podolsky, D. K. (2000) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/s0360-3016(99)00374-0 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Rapid barrier restitution in an in vitro model of intestinal epithelial injury.
Moore, R., Carlson, S., & Jl, M. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Characterization of Human Colon Organoids From Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients
d'Aldebert, E., Quaranta, M., Sébert, M., Bonnet, D., Kirzin, S., Portier, G., Duffas, J., Chabot, S., Lluel, P., Allart, S., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2020.00363 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Repair of rabbit duodenal mucosa after acid injury in vivo and in vitro
Feil, W., Wenzl, E., Vattay, P., Starlinger, M. J., Sogukoglu, T., & Schiessel, R. (1987) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/0016-5085(87)90632-9 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Mizoguchi, E., Low, D., Ezaki, Y., & Okada, T. (2020) · Intestinal Research · doi:10.5217/ir.2019.09154 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Cell death at the intestinal epithelial front line
Delgado, M. E., Grabinger, T., & Brunner, T. (2015) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.13575 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Intestinal Subepithelial Myofibroblasts Support the Growth of Intestinal Epithelial Stem Cells
Lei, N., Jabaji, Z. B., Wang, J., Joshi, V. S., Brinkley, G. J., Khalil, H. A., Wang, F., Jaroszewicz, A., Pellegrini, M. A., Li, L., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084651 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Molecular and clinical basis for the regeneration of human gastrointestinal epithelia
Okamoto, R., & Watanabe, M. (2004) · Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s00535-003-1259-8 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Suzuki, K., Murano, T., Shimizu, H., Ito, G., Nakata, T., Fujii, S., Ishibashi, F., Kawamoto, A., Anzai, S., Kuno, R., et al. (2018) · Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s00535-018-1437-3 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
[Diagnostic guideline of Crohn's disease].
Ye, B. D., Jang, B. I., Jeen, Y. T., Lee, K., Kim, J. S., & Yang, S.-K. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Targeting mucosal healing in Crohn’s disease: what the clinician needs to know
Klenske, E., Bojarski, C., Waldner, M. J., Räth, T., Neurath, M. F., & Atreya, R. N. (2019) · Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1177/1756284819856865 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Intestinal organoid culture model is a valuable system to study epithelial barrier function in IBD
Xu, P., Becker, H. E. F., Elizalde, M., Masclee, A., & Jonkers, D. M. A. E. (2017) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315685 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Lin, J.-Y., Lo, K., & Sun, Y.-S. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-56753-9 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
The many faces of tumor necrosis factor signaling in the intestinal epithelium
Delgado, M. E., & Brunner, T. (2019) · Genes and Immunity · doi:10.1038/s41435-019-0057-0 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Risk factors and implications of anastomotic complications after surgery for Crohn’s disease
Crowell, K. T. (2015) · World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery · doi:10.4240/wjgs.v7.i10.237 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Watanabe, K. (2020) · Intestinal Research · doi:10.5217/ir.2020.00032 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Choi, C., Lee, C., Shin, S.-W., Kim, S., Hong, S. N., & Park, H. C. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20081894 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationDevelopment of Human Cell Lines from Multiple Organs
Rhim, J. S. (2000) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06863.x · Cited by 24 · see citing works
NOD2 Supports Crypt Survival and Epithelial Regeneration after Radiation-Induced Injury
Lee, C., Choi, C., Kang, H. S., Shin, S.-W., Kim, S., Park, H. C., & Hong, S. N. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20174297 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationCrohn, B. B. (1965) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.1080/00325481.1965.11695652 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 38 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [21]Rachmilewitz D. Modigliani R. Podolsky D.K. Sachar D.B. Tozun N. VI International Symposium on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Proceedings of the Falk Symposium 123, Istanbul, Turkey, 3–5 September 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordecht, The Netherlands Boston, MA, USA 2002
Cited by
Sorted by citations
In vitro models and ex vivo systems used in inflammatory bowel disease
Joshi, A., Soni, A., & Acharya, S. R. (2022) · In vitro models · doi:10.1007/s44164-022-00017-w · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Jang, J. Y., Im, E., & Kim, N. D. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24031954 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Jin, J., Wu, Y., Zhao, Z., Wu, Y., Zhou, Y.-D., Liu, S., Sun, Q., Yang, G., Lin, J., Nagle, D. G., et al. (2022) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.160606 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Intestinal Epithelial Responses to IL-17 in Adult Stem Cell-derived Human Intestinal Organoids
Lee, C., Song, J. H., Cha, Y.-E., Chang, D. K., Kim, Y., & Hong, S. N. (2022) · Journal of Crohn s and Colitis · doi:10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac101 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationFlood, P., Hanrahan, N., Nally, K., & Melgar, S. (2023) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.202250248 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
A Microwell-Based Intestinal Organoid-Macrophage Co-Culture System to Study Intestinal Inflammation
Kakni, P., Truckenmüller, R. K., Habibović, P., van Griensven, M., & Giselbrecht, S. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232315364 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
TNFα Induces LGR5+ Stem Cell Dysfunction In Patients With Crohn’s Disease
Lee, C., An, M., Joung, J., Park, W., Chang, D. K., Kim, Y., & Hong, S. N. (2021) · Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.10.010 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationBertorello, S., Cei, F., Fink, D., Niccolai, E., & Amedei, A. (2024) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms12091828 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Tindle, C., Fonseca, A. G., Taheri, S., Katkar, G. D., Lee, J., Maity, P., Sayed, I. M., Ibeawuchi, S.-R., Vidales, E., Pranadinata, R. F., et al. (2024) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101748 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Organoids as regenerative medicine for inflammatory bowel disease
Hammerhøj, A., Chakravarti, D., Sato, T., Jensen, K. B., & Nielsen, O. H. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.110118 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Generation of human colon organoids from healthy and inflammatory bowel disease mucosa
Dotti, I., Mayorgas, A., & Salas, A. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0276195 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Rutherford, D. G., & Ho, G. (2023) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1093/ibd/izad044 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Modeling cancer–microbiome interactions in vitro: A guide to co‐culture platforms
Moskal, K., Khurana, N., Siegert, L., Lee, Y., Clevers, H. C., Elinav, E., & Puschhof, J. (2024) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.35298 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Regulation of intestinal epithelial homeostasis by mesenchymal cells
Kayama, H., & Takeda, K. (2024) · Inflammation and Regeneration · doi:10.1186/s41232-024-00355-0 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Biomaterials for inflammatory bowel disease: treatment, diagnosis and organoids
Wang, J., Shi, Y., Mao, B., Zhang, B., Yang, J., Hu, Z., & Liao, W. (2024) · Applied Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102078 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Liu, Z., Jiao, Y., Yu, T., Wang, H., Zhang, Y., Liu, D., Xu, Y., Guan, Q., & Lu, M. (2022) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2022/8528938 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Ryu, K., Seo, J.-A., Lee, K., Choi, J., Yoo, G., Ha, J.-H., & Ahn, M. R. (2024) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb46060346 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Kong, L., Chen, S.-Y., Huang, S., Zheng, A.-Z., Gao, S., Ye, J., & Hua, C.-Y. (2024) · Inflammation Research · doi:10.1007/s00011-024-01854-z · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Maspero, M., Piñeiro, A. O., Steele, S. R., & Hull, T. L. (2023) · Diseases of the Colon & Rectum · doi:10.1097/dcr.0000000000002739 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Yu, W., Lin, Y., Lü, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, D., Quan, H., Luo, Y., Zhang, Y., Jiang, Z., Chen, J., et al. (2024) · Food Frontiers · doi:10.1002/fft2.408 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Potential Application of Intestinal Organoids in Intestinal Diseases
Liu, W., Wang, Q., Bai, Y., Xiao, H., Li, Z., Wang, Q., Yang, J., Yang, J., & Sun, H. (2023) · Stem Cell Reviews and Reports · doi:10.1007/s12015-023-10651-w · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The Use of Gut Organoids: To Study the Physiology and Disease of the Gut Microbiota
Deng, Y., Yuan, X., Lu, X., Wu, J., Luo, C., Zhang, T., Liu, Q., Tang, S., Li, Z., Mu, X., et al. (2025) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.70330 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Translational Utility of Organoid Models for Biomedical Research on Gastrointestinal Diseases
Banerjee, P., & Senapati, S. (2024) · Stem Cell Reviews and Reports · doi:10.1007/s12015-024-10733-3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The application of organoids in colorectal diseases
Liu, Y., Wang, D., Luan, Y., Tao, B., Li, Q., Feng, Q., Zhou, H., Mu, J., & Yu, J. (2024) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1412489 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Ding, W. Y., Marx, O. M., Mankarious, M. M., Koltun, W. A., & Yochum, G. S. (2023) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2023.08.027 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Walraven, T., Busch, M., Wang, J., Donkers, J. M., Duijvestein, M., van de Steeg, E., Kramer, N. I., & Bouwmeester, H. (2024) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-024-03844-w · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Immune and Immune‐Integrated Organoids as NextGeneration Platforms for Disease Modeling
Rashidan, K., Ayadilord, M., Hazrati, A., Nazerian, A., Shafiee, A., & Hashemi, S. M. (2025) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.70531 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Nakazawa, M., Nagao, I., & Ambrosini, Y. M. (2024) · In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal · doi:10.1007/s11626-024-00936-w · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Early subclinical stages of the inflammatory bowel diseases: insights from human and animal studies
Kelly, C., Sartor, R. B., & Rawls, J. F. (2024) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00252.2024 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Sittipo, P., & Lee, Y. K. (2022) · Organoid · doi:10.51335/organoid.2022.2.e3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Micati, D., Hlavca, S., Chan, W. H., & Abud, H. E. (2024) · BMC Biology · doi:10.1186/s12915-024-02092-9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Zeng, X., Yin, L., Zhang, Y., Wang, Q., Li, J., Yin, Y., Wang, Q., Li, J., & Yang, H. (2025) · Biological Trace Element Research · doi:10.1007/s12011-025-04546-9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Canine intestinal organoids as a platform for studying MHC class II expression in epithelial cells
Nakazawa, M., Nagao, I., & Ambrosini, Y. M. (2025) · BMC Molecular and Cell Biology · doi:10.1186/s12860-025-00536-w · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Advancements in therapeutic strategies and drug development for inflammatory bowel diseases
Zhou, Y., & Shen, F. (2025) · Exploration of Immunology · doi:10.37349/ei.2025.1003232 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Wilson, A. P., Burge, K. Y., Eckert, J. V., & Chaaban, H. (2022) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/63758 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
CNPY2 drives DSS-induced colitis via the macrophage-ROS axis
Zhang, W., Meng, L., Zhang, X., Li, Z., & Hong, F. (2025) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2025.118078 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Stem Cell Therapy for Inflammatory Diseases: Progress, Challenges, and Future Directions
Wu, C., Jin, Z., Weng, S., Zhu, J., & Dong, L. (2026) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.70616 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Yoo, J. H., Choi, Y. J., Pinchuk, I. V., Powell, D. W., Zachos, N. C., & Donowitz, M. (2026) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2026.1764088 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Halder, D., Esmaeilniakooshkghazi, A., Padala, C., Wang, Y., Hou, J. K., Qiu, X., Chen, L., Verzi, M. P., & Khurana, S. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.10.27.684895 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Kamboj, N., Mohan, B., Lal, S. B., & Taneja, N. (2025) · Indian Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s12088-025-01515-7
Single Cell-Seeded Human Intestinal Organoids for Organoid Research
Sim, A. Y., Kim, H. Y., Jung, G. Y., Axelrad, J. E., Cadwell, K., & Jang, K. K. (2026) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/69265
Chan, E., Chan, W. H., Kerr, G., Archer, S. K., Jardé, T., Engel, R. M., Gould, J. A., Amarasinghe, S. L., Rutten, E. L., D’Adamo, G. L., et al. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-46184-8
Hattori, K., Kirisako, H., Matsuo, M., & Ota, S. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.06.21.733630
Revisiting organoids and animal models in IBD
Balakrishnan, D. D., Tiwari, R., Goswami, S., Narang, H., & Ahuja, V. (2026) · Trends Open · doi:10.1016/j.treopn.2026.06.018
- Authors
- Lee, C., Hong, S.-N., Kim, E.-R., Chang, D.-K., & Kim, Y.-H.
- Affiliations
- Samsung Medical Center (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Hong, Sung-Noh
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-06-02
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 6013
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8199630
- OpenAlex
- W3145115756
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 4.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (NRF-2018R1D1A1B07048376, NRF-2019R1I1A1A01062205, and NRF-2019R1A2C2010404)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Digestive system and related health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- Crohn's disease, intestinal organoids, epithelial regeneration, wound healing, epithelial cell proliferation, TNF-α, inflammatory bowel disease, EdU labeling
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Crohn Disease, Epithelial Cells, Female, Humans, Ileum, Intestinal Mucosa, Intestines, Male, Middle Aged, Organoids, Regeneration, Stem Cells, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Wound Healing, Signal Transduction, Cell Proliferation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
