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Cited by 113Extracellular vesicles in diseaseMesenchymal stem cell researchAcute Kidney Injury Research

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles to the Rescue of Renal Injury

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Birtwistle, Lucy, Chen, Xin-Ming, Pollock, Carol·2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DOI 10.3390/ijms22126596PMC PMC8235408
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Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are rising in global prevalence and cause significant morbidity for patients. Current treatments are limited to slowing instead of stabilising or reversing disease progression. In this review, we describe mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their constituents, extracellular vesicles (EVs) as being a novel therapeutic for CKD. MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) are membrane-enclosed particles, including exosomes, which carry genetic information that mimics the phenotype of their cell of origin. MSC-EVs deliver their cargo of mRNA, miRNA, cytokines, and growth factors to target cells as a form of paracrine communication. This genetically reprograms pathophysiological pathways, which are upregulated in renal failure. Since the method of exosome preparation significantly affects the quality and function of MSC-exosomes, this review compares the methodologies for isolating exosomes from MSCs and their role in tissue regeneration. More specifically, it summarises the therapeutic efficacy of MSC-EVs in 60 preclinical animal models of AKI and CKD and the cargo of biomolecules they deliver. MSC-EVs promote tubular proliferation and angiogenesis, and inhibit apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and fibrosis, to alleviate AKI and CKD. By reprogramming these pathophysiological pathways, MSC-EVs can slow or even reverse the progression of AKI to CKD, and therefore offer potential to transform clinical practice.

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  • MSC-EVs carry HSP70 and survivin, which stabilize hepatocytes under inflammatory stress.

    “MSC-EVs also carry protective proteins, such as heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and survivin, which stabilize hepatocytes under inflammatory stress [64].”

    From From signaling pathways to clinical trials: mesenchymal stem cells as multimodal regenerative architects in liver cirrhosis therapy (2025) · cites this paper as [64]

    In §7.5 (page unavailable), a treatment table reports increased survivin and reduced inflammation after MSC-EV treatment for kidney injury, but it does not identify survivin as EV cargo. The same section reports reduced HSP70 expression, not HSP70 delivery by EVs. The cited passages concern renal cells, not stabilization of hepatocytes under inflammatory stress. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Birtwistle, L., Chen, X.-M., & Pollock, C.
Affiliations
  • The University of Sydney (AU)
  • Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
Corresponding author
Pollock, Carol
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-06-20
Volume
22
Issue
12
Pages
6596
ISSN
1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/ijms22126596
PMC
PMC8235408
OpenAlex
W3175179742
Cited by
113
References
6
Citations by year
2026: 19 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 3
FWCI
1.94
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Mesenchymal stem cell research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Acute Kidney Injury Research
Keywords
mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular vesicles, exosomes, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, renal fibrosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, exosome isolation methods, paracrine signaling, tissue regeneration, angiogenesis, inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis
MeSH terms
Cell Self Renewal, Extracellular Vesicles, Animals, Biological Therapy, Cell Differentiation, Disease Susceptibility, Chemical Fractionation, Humans, Kidney Diseases, Apoptosis, Disease Management, Protective Agents, Cell Proliferation, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Renal Insufficiency, Exosomes, Acute Kidney Injury, Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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