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Cited by 142Renin-Angiotensin System StudiesNitric Oxide and Endothelin EffectsAtherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases

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Renin-Angiotensin System in Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis and Treatment of CVD

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Poznyak, Anastasia V., Bharadwaj, Dwaipayan, Prasad, Gauri, Grechko, Andrey V., Sazonova, Margarita A., Orekhov, Alexander N.·2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DOI 10.3390/ijms22136702PMC PMC8269397
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Abstract

Atherosclerosis has complex pathogenesis, which involves at least three serious aspects: inflammation, lipid metabolism alterations, and endothelial injury. There are no effective treatment options, as well as preventive measures for atherosclerosis. However, this disease has various severe complications, the most severe of which is cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is important to note, that CVD is among the leading causes of death worldwide. The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) is an important part of inflammatory response regulation. This system contributes to the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the injured site and stimulates the production of various cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF-a, and COX-2. There is also an association between RAAS and oxidative stress, which is also an important player in atherogenesis. Angiotensin-II induces plaque formation at early stages, and this is one of the most crucial impacts on atherogenesis from the RAAS. Importantly, while stimulating the production of ROS, Angiotensin-II at the same time decreases the generation of NO. The endothelium is known as a major contributor to vascular function. Oxidative stress is the main trigger of endothelial dysfunction, and, once again, links RAAS to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. All these implications of RAAS in atherogenesis lead to an explicable conclusion that elements of RAAS can be promising targets for atherosclerosis treatment. In this review, we also summarize the data on treatment approaches involving cytokine targeting in CVD, which can contribute to a better understanding of atherogenesis and even its prevention.

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Authors
Poznyak, A. V., Bharadwaj, D., Prasad, G., Grechko, A. V., Sazonova, M. A., & Orekhov, A. N.
Affiliations
  • Institute for Atherosclerosis Research (RU)
  • Jawaharlal Nehru University (IN)
  • Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 14-3 Solyanka Street, 109240 Moscow, Russia
  • Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RU)
Corresponding author
  • Poznyak, Anastasia V.
  • Orekhov, Alexander N.
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-06-22
Volume
22
Issue
13
Pages
6702
ISSN
1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/ijms22136702
PMC
PMC8269397
OpenAlex
W3177117624
Cited by
142
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 3
FWCI
4.25
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Russian Science Foundation (20-15-00364)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Renin-Angiotensin System Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
Keywords
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, atherosclerosis, atherogenesis, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, angiotensin II, nitric oxide, cytokines, lipid metabolism, plaque formation, cytokine-targeted therapy
MeSH terms
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Animals, Cardiovascular Diseases, Clinical Trials as Topic, Disease Susceptibility, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Endothelium, Humans, Renin-Angiotensin System, Biomarkers, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress, Disease Management, Atherosclerosis, Molecular Targeted Therapy

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