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Molecular Imaging and Nanotechnology—Emerging Tools in Diagnostics and Therapy

Woźniak, Marcin, Płoska, Agata, Siekierzycka, Anna, Dobrucki, Lawrence W., Kalinowski, Leszek, Dobrucki, Iwona T.·2022·International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Abstract

Personalized medicine is emerging as a new goal in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. This approach aims to establish differences between patients suffering from the same disease, which allows to choose the most effective treatment. Molecular imaging (MI) enables advanced insight into molecule interactions and disease pathology, improving the process of diagnosis and therapy and, for that reason, plays a crucial role in personalized medicine. Nanoparticles are widely used in MI techniques due to their size, high surface area to volume ratio, and multifunctional properties. After conjugation to specific ligands and drugs, nanoparticles can transport therapeutic compounds directly to their area of action and therefore may be used in theranostics—the simultaneous implementation of treatment and diagnostics. This review summarizes different MI techniques, including optical imaging, ultrasound imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear imaging, and computed tomography imaging with theranostics nanoparticles. Furthermore, it explores the potential use of constructs that enables multimodal imaging and track diseases in real time.

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Figure 1 Multimodal multifunctional nanoparticles allow the in vivo imaging of anatomy, physiology, and molecular events at various spatiotemporal scales. Shown here are representative images of a mouse subjected to surgical ligation of the right femoral artery to induce hindlimb ischemia followed by the inflammatory response, which is assessed with a receptor for an advanced glycation end product (RAGE)-targeted nanoparticle-based multimodal agent labeled with both fluorophore (rhodamine) and radioisotope (64Cu). The anatomy was assessed with X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging (A). In contrast, molecular proinflammatory events were quantitatively assessed in vivo with positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging (B), whole-body fluorescence (C), and Cherenkov luminescence (D).
Figure 1 Multimodal multifunctional nanoparticles allow the in vivo imaging of anatomy, physiology, and molecular events at various spatiotemporal scales. Shown here are representative images of a mouse subjected to surgical ligation of the right femoral artery to induce hindlimb ischemia followed by the inflammatory response, which is assessed with a receptor for an advanced glycation end product (RAGE)-targeted nanoparticle-based multimodal agent labeled with both fluorophore (rhodamine) and radioisotope (64Cu). The anatomy was assessed with X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging (A). In contrast, molecular proinflammatory events were quantitatively assessed in vivo with positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging (B), whole-body fluorescence (C), and Cherenkov luminescence (D).CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Woźniak, M., Płoska, A., Siekierzycka, A., Dobrucki, L. W., Kalinowski, L., & Dobrucki, I. T.
Venue
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-02-28
Volume
23
Issue
5
Pages
2658
ISSN
1422-0067
Cited by
59
References
3
Language
en
Funders
  • National Science Center (2019/33/B/NZ7/02699)
  • Ministry of Science and Higher Education (DIR/WK/2017/01, 10/E-389/SPUB/SP/2020)

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