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The Role of Genetic, Environmental, and Dietary Factors in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative Review
Open accessAbstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common and severe forms of dementia and neurodegenerative disease. As life expectancy increases in line with developments in medicine, the elderly population is projected to increase in the next few decades; therefore, an increase in the prevalence of some diseases, such as AD, is also expected. As a result, until a radical treatment becomes available, AD is expected to be more frequently recorded as one of the top causes of death worldwide. Given the current lack of a cure for AD, and the only treatments available being ones that alleviate major symptoms, the identification of contributing factors that influence disease incidence is crucial. In this context, genetic and/or epigenetic factors, mainly environmental, disease-related, dietary, or combinations/interactions of these factors, are assessed. In this review, we conducted a literature search focusing on environmental factors such as air pollution, toxic elements, pesticides, and infectious agents, as well as dietary factors including various diets, vitamin D deficiency, social factors (e.g., tobacco and alcohol use), and variables that are affected by both environmental and genetic factors, such as dietary behavior and gut microbiota. We also evaluated studies on the beneficial effects of antibiotics and diets, such as the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) and Mediterranean diets.
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“These differences result from a combination of intrinsic factors, such as genetic background, sex, and immune system variability, as well as extrinsic influences including dietary patterns, comorbid conditions, and environmental exposures418,419.”
From Artificial intelligence-driven multi-omics approaches in Alzheimer's disease: Progress, challenges, and future directions (2025) · cites this paper as [419]
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Items 201–213 of 213
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Association between depression and young-onset dementia in middle-aged women
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Ren, F., Wei, J., Chen, Q., Hu, M., Yu, L., Mi, J., Zhou, X., Qin, D., Wu, J., & Wu, A. (2025) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2025.07.030 · Cited by 97
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Metadata
- Authors
- Mertaş, B., & Boşgelmez, İ. İ.
- Affiliations
- Düzce Üniversitesi (TR)
- Erciyes University (TR)
- Corresponding author
- Boşgelmez, İ. İpek
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2025-01-30
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1222
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11818526
- OpenAlex
- W4406986281
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 212
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 14
- FWCI
- 6.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Erciyes University - AVESIS (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, genetic risk factors, epigenetics, environmental risk factors, dietary factors, air pollution, toxic elements, pesticides, infectious agents, vitamin D deficiency, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, gut microbiota, dietary behavior, antibiotics, MIND diet, Mediterranean diet, DASH diet, dementia
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Diet, Environment, Environmental Exposure, Humans, Risk Factors, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Diet, Mediterranean, Epigenesis, Genetic, Gene-Environment Interaction
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