Synchrotron scattering methods for nanomaterials and soft matter research
Open accessAbstract
This article aims to provide an overview of broad range of applications of synchrotron scattering methods in the investigation of nanoscale materials. These scattering techniques allow the elucidation of the structure and dynamics of nanomaterials from sub-nm to micron size scales and down to sub-millisecond time ranges both in bulk and at interfaces. A major advantage of scattering methods is that they provide the ensemble averaged information under in situ and operando conditions. As a result, they are complementary to various imaging techniques which reveal more local information. Scattering methods are particularly suitable for probing buried structures that are difficult to image. Although, many qualitative features can be directly extracted from scattering data, derivation of detailed structural and dynamical information requires quantitative modeling. The fourth-generation synchrotron sources open new possibilities for investigating these complex systems by exploiting the enhanced brightness and coherence properties of X-rays.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Arora, N., Dar, M. I., Hinderhofer, A., et al. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aam5655 · Cited by 1,549 · see citing works
Small Angle X-ray Scattering for Nanoparticle Research
Li, T., Senesi, A. J., & Lee, B. (2016) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00690 · Cited by 978 · see citing works
Beyond crystallography: Diffractive imaging using coherent x-ray light sources
Miao, J., Ishikawa, T., Robinson, I. K., & Murnane, M. M. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaa1394 · Cited by 810 · see citing works
Chameleon-like elastomers with molecularly encoded strain-adaptive stiffening and coloration
Vatankhah‐Varnosfaderani, M., Keith, A. N., Cong, Y., Liang, H., Rosenthal, M., Sztucki, M., Clair, C., Magonov, S., Ivanov, D. A., Dobrynin, A. V., et al. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aar5308 · Cited by 520 · see citing works
Nanostructures and Nanomaterials
Cao, G., & Wang, Y. (2011) · World Scientific series in nanoscience and nanotechnology/World scientific series in nanoscience and nanotechnology · doi:10.1142/7885 · Cited by 490 · see citing works
Charge-transfer crystallites as molecular electrical dopants
Méndez, H., Heimel, G., Winkler, S., et al. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms9560 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
Force generation by skeletal muscle is controlled by mechanosensing in myosin filaments
Linari, M., Brunello, E., Reconditi, M., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature15727 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Frolova, L. A., Anokhin, D. V., Piryazev, A. A., et al. (2016) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02594 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Small Angle X-Ray and Neutron Scattering from Solutions of Biological Macromolecules
Svergun, D. I., Koch, M. H. J., Timmins, P. A., et al. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199639533.001.0001 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
In situ study of the formation mechanism of two-dimensional superlattices from PbSe nanocrystals
Geuchies, J. J., van Overbeek, C., Evers, W. H., et al. (2016) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat4746 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
A multipurpose instrument for time-resolved ultra-small-angle and coherent X-ray scattering
Narayanan, T., Sztucki, M., Vaerenbergh, P. V., et al. (2018) · Journal of Applied Crystallography · doi:10.1107/s1600576718012748 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Self-citationAngelova, A., Garamus, V. M., Angelov, B., Tian, Z., Li, Y., & Zou, A. (2017) · Advances in Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.cis.2017.04.006 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Ricarte, R. G., Tournilhac, F., & Ludwik Leibler, B. (2018) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02144 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Applications of neutron and X-ray scattering to the study of biologically relevant model membranes
Pabst, G., Kučerka, N., Nieh, M., Rheinstadter, M. C., & Katsaras, J. (2010) · Chemistry and Physics of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2010.03.010 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
X-ray scattering characterisation of nanoparticles
Ingham, B. (2015) · Crystallography Reviews · doi:10.1080/0889311x.2015.1024114 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Ilavský, J., Zhang, F., Andrews, R. N., Kuzmenko, I., Jemian, P. R., Levine, L. E., & Allen, A. J. (2018) · Journal of Applied Crystallography · doi:10.1107/s160057671800643x · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Liquid Surfaces and Interfaces
Pershan, P. S., & Schlossman, M. L. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139045872 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Saranathan, V., Forster, J. D., Noh, H., et al. (2012) · Journal of The Royal Society Interface · doi:10.1098/rsif.2012.0191 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Real-Time Observation of Nonclassical Protein Crystallization Kinetics
Sauter, A., Roosen‐Runge, F., Zhang, F., et al. (2015) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja510533x · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Angelov, B., Angelova, A., Filippov, S. K., Drechsler, M., Štěpánek, P., & Lesieur, S. (2014) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn5012946 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Brotherton, E. E., Hatton, F. L., Cockram, A. A., et al. (2019) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.9b06788 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
X‐ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy Studies of Surfaces and Thin Films
Sinha, S. K., Jiang, Z., & Lurio, L. (2014) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201401094 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
The Nanomaterial Characterization Bottleneck
Richman, E. K., & Hutchison, J. E. (2009) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn901112p · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Myosin filament activation in the heart is tuned to the mechanical task
Reconditi, M., Caremani, M., Pinzauti, F., Powers, J. D., Narayanan, T., Stienen, G. J. M., Linari, M., Lombardi, V., & Piazzesi, G. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1619484114 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Self-citationA liquid-crystalline hexagonal columnar phase in highly-dilute suspensions of imogolite nanotubes
Paineau, E., Krapf, M.-E. M., Amara, M.-S., et al. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms10271 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Schneck, E., Schubert, T., Konovalov, O., et al. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0913737107 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationGlass–glass transition during aging of a colloidal clay
Angelini, R., Zaccarelli, E., Marques, F. A. D. M., Sztucki, M., Fluerasu, A., Ruocco, G., & Ruzicka, B. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms5049 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Jensen, G. V., Lund, R., Gummel, J., et al. (2014) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201406489 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Introduction to soft matter: synthetic and biological self-assembling materials
(2008) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.45-4388 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
“Annular Ring” microtubes formed by SDS@2β-CD complexes in aqueous solution
Jiang, L., Yu, P., Yan, Y., et al. (2010) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/b920608f · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Densification and Depression in Glass Transition Temperature in Polystyrene Thin Films
Vignaud, G., Chebil, M. S., Bal, J. K., Delorme, N., Beuvier, T., Grohens, Y., & Gibaud, A. (2014) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/la501639z · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Keidel, R., Ghavami, A., Lugo, D. M., et al. (2018) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aao7086 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Real-Time in Situ Probing of High-Temperature Quantum Dots Solution Synthesis
Abécassis, B., Bouet, C., Garnero, C., et al. (2015) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00199 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Recent applications of synchrotron radiation and neutrons in the study of soft matter
Narayanan, T., Wacklin, H. P., Konovalov, O., & Lund, R. (2017) · Crystallography Reviews · doi:10.1080/0889311x.2016.1277212 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationGhazal, A., Lafleur, J., Mortensen, K., Kutter, J. P., Arleth, L., & Jensen, G. V. (2016) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/c6lc00888g · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Machine Learning Methods for X-Ray Scattering Data Analysis from Biomacromolecular Solutions
Franke, D., Jeffries, C. M., & Svergun, D. I. (2018) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2018.04.018 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Di Cola, E., Grillo, I., & Ristori, S. (2016) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics8020010 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
DNA/Fusogenic Lipid Nanocarrier Assembly: Millisecond Structural Dynamics
Angelov, B., Angelova, A., Filippov, S. K., Narayanan, T., Drechsler, M., Štěpánek, P., Couvreur, P., & Lesieur, S. (2013) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/jz400857z · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citationRNA Encapsidation by SV40-Derived Nanoparticles Follows a Rapid Two-State Mechanism
Kler, S., Asor, R., Li, C., Ginsburg, A., Harries, D., Oppenheim, A., Zlotnick, A., & Raviv, U. (2012) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja2110703 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Three-dimensional coherent X-ray diffractive imaging of whole frozen-hydrated cells
Rodríguez, J. A., Xu, R., Chen, C.-C., et al. (2015) · IUCrJ · doi:10.1107/s205225251501235x · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Observation of solid–solid transitions in 3D crystals of colloidal superballs
Meijer, J., Pal, A., Ouhajji, S., et al. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms14352 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Structural Diversity of Arthropod Biophotonic Nanostructures Spans Amphiphilic Phase-Space
Saranathan, V., Seago, A. E., Sandy, A., et al. (2015) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00201 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Isotropic, nematic, and lamellar phases in colloidal suspensions of nanosheets
Davidson, P., Penisson, C., Constantin, D., et al. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1802692115 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Emerging Evidences of Mesoscopic-Scale Complexity in Neat Ionic Liquids and Their Mixtures
Russina, O., Celso, F. L., Plechkova, N. V., et al. (2017) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02811 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Khassanov, A., Steinrück, H., Schmaltz, T., et al. (2015) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00022 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Jensen, G. V., Lund, R., Gummel, J., Monkenbusch, M., Narayanan, T., & Pedersen, J. S. (2013) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja312469n · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationIn situ coherent diffractive imaging
Lo, Y. H., Zhao, L., Gallagher-Jones, M., et al. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-04259-9 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Interfibrillar stiffening of echinoderm mutable collagenous tissue demonstrated at the nanoscale
Mo, J., Prévost, S. F., Blowes, L. M., et al. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1609341113 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Liscio, F., Albonetti, C., Broch, K., et al. (2013) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn304733w · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Coherent X-rays reveal the influence of cage effects on ultrafast water dynamics
Perakis, F., Camisasca, G., Lane, T. J., et al. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-04330-5 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Hörmann, U., Lorch, C., Hinderhofer, A., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp506180k · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-assembling structural colour in nature
Burg, S. L., & Parnell, A. J. (2018) · Journal of Physics Condensed Matter · doi:10.1088/1361-648x/aadc95 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Barriga, H. M. G., Tyler, A. I. I., McCarthy, N. L. C., et al. (2014) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/c4sm02343a · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Heterogeneous and Anisotropic Dynamics of a 2D Gel
Orsi, D., Cristofolini, L., Baldi, G., & Madsen, A. L. (2012) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.108.105701 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Pietra, F., Rabouw, F. T., Evers, W. H., et al. (2012) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl302360u · Cited by 78 · see citing works
In situ coherent diffractive imaging
Lo, Y. H., Zhao, L., Gallagher-Jones, M., et al. (2018) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Chevreuil, M., Law-Hine, D., Chen, J., et al. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05426-8 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Vela, S. D., Braun, M. K., Dörr, A., et al. (2016) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/c6sm01837h · Cited by 73 · see citing works
X-ray investigation of monolayers formed at the soft air/water interface
Stefaniu, C., & Brezesinski, G. (2014) · Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.cocis.2014.01.004 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Hiding in Plain View: Colloidal Self-Assembly from Polydisperse Populations
Cabane, B., Li, J., Artzner, F., et al. (2016) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.116.208001 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Thin graphene oxide membranes for gas dehumidification
Petukhov, D. I., Chernova, E. A., Kapitanova, O. O., et al. (2019) · Journal of Membrane Science · doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2019.01.041 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Leheny, R. L., Rogers, M. C., Chen, K., et al. (2015) · Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.cocis.2015.10.001 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Solvent Extraction: Structure of the Liquid–Liquid Interface Containing a Diamide Ligand
Scoppola, E., Watkins, E. B., Campbell, R. A., et al. (2016) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201603395 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Nanoscale structure of surfactant-induced nanoparticle monolayers at the oil–water interface
Calzolari, D. C. E., Pontoni, D., Deutsch, M., et al. (2012) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/c2sm26520f · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Sanada, Y., Akiba, I., Sakurai, K., Shiraishi, K., Yokoyama, M., Mylonas, E., Ohta, N., Yagi, N., Shinohara, Y., & Amemiya, Y. (2013) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja308965j · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Reentrant Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Protein Solutions at Elevated Hydrostatic Pressures
Möller, J., Grobelny, S., Schulze, J., et al. (2014) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.112.028101 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Nonclassical nucleation pathways in protein crystallization
Zhang, F. (2017) · Journal of Physics Condensed Matter · doi:10.1088/1361-648x/aa8253 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Piazzesi, G., Caremani, M., Linari, M., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00736 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Real Space Imaging of Nanoparticle Assembly at Liquid–Liquid Interfaces with Nanoscale Resolution
Costa, L., Destri, G. L., Thomson, N. H., et al. (2016) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01877 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
The nanoscale structure of the electrolyte–metal oxide interface
Steinrück, H., Cao, C., Tsao, Y., et al. (2018) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c7ee02724a · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Tresset, G., Cœur, C. L., Bryche, J., Tatou, M., Zeghal, M., Charpilienne, A., Poncet, D., Constantin, D., & Bressanelli, S. (2013) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja403550f · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Narayanan, T. (2014) · doi:10.1002/9781118695708.ch5 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationIsa, L., Calzolari, D. C. E., Pontoni, D., Gillich, T., Nelson, A., Zirbs, R., Sánchez‐Ferrer, A., Mezzenga, R., & Reimhult, E. (2013) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/c3sm27367a · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Anti-Aging in Ultrastable Metallic Glasses
Lüttich, M., Giordano, V. M., Floch, S. L., et al. (2018) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.120.135504 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Nielsen, J. E., Bjørnestad, V. A., & Lund, R. (2018) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/c8sm01888j · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Scoppola, E., Watkins, E. B., Destri, G. L., et al. (2015) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/c5cp01809a · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Crystallization of Nanocrystals in Spherical Confinement Probed by in Situ X-ray Scattering
Montanarella, F., Geuchies, J. J., Dasgupta, T., et al. (2018) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00809 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Beuvier, T., Probert, I., Beaufort, L., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08635-x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Concentration dependent pathways in spontaneous self-assembly of unilamellar vesicles
Gummel, J., Sztucki, M., Narayanan, T., et al. (2011) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/c1sm05354j · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of buffer layer coupling on the lattice parameter of epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001)
Schumann, T., Dubslaff, M., Oliveira, M. H., et al. (2014) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.90.041403 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Orsi, D., Guzmán, E., Liggieri, L., et al. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep17930 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Trul, A. A., Sizov, A. S., Chekusova, V. P., et al. (2018) · Journal of Materials Chemistry C · doi:10.1039/c8tc02447b · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Spatially modulated structural colour in bird feathers
Parnell, A. J., Washington, A. L., Mykhaylyk, O. O., et al. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep18317 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Tuning phase transitions of aqueous protein solutions by multivalent cations
Matsarskaia, O., Roosen‐Runge, F., Lotze, G., et al. (2018) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/c8cp05884a · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Saha, S., Springer, S., Schweinefuß, M. E., et al. (2016) · Crystal Growth & Design · doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.5b01594 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Surface structure evolution in a homologous series of ionic liquids
Haddad, J., Pontoni, D., Murphy, B. M., et al. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1716418115 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Hard X-rays as pump and probe of atomic motion in oxide glasses
Ruta, B., Zontone, F., Chushkin, Y., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-04271-x · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Petukhov, A. V., Meijer, J., & Vroege, G. J. (2015) · Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.cocis.2015.09.003 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Takahashi, R., Narayanan, T., & Sato, T. (2017) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02957 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationRecent developments in the application of X-ray and neutron reflectivity to soft-matter systems
Skoda, M. W. A. (2019) · Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.cocis.2019.03.003 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Stefaniu, C., & Brezesinski, G. (2014) · Advances in Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.cis.2014.01.005 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Time-Resolved Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Reveals Millisecond Transitions of a DNA Origami Switch
Bruetzel, L. K., Walker, P. U., Gerling, T., et al. (2018) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00592 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Wang, W., Li, L., Henzler, K. D., Lu, Y. Q., Wang, J., Han, H., Tian, Y., Wang, Y., Zhou, Z., Lotze, G., et al. (2017) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00164 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationBelova, V., Beyer, P., Meister, E., et al. (2017) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.7b01622 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Amann, M., Diget, J. S., Lyngsø, J., et al. (2019) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01072 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Zhang, C., Langner, S., Mumyatov, A. V., et al. (2017) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/c7ta03505e · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Bauer, P. S., Amenitsch, H. W., Baumgartner, B., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09066-4 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Nanoscale Structure of Si/SiO 2 /Organics Interfaces
Steinrück, H., Schiener, A., Schindler, T., et al. (2014) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn5056223 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Structural characterization of lipidic systems under nonequilibrium conditions
Yaghmur, A., & Rappolt, M. (2012) · European Biophysics Journal · doi:10.1007/s00249-012-0815-7 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Gowd, E. B., Koga, T., Endoh, M. K., et al. (2014) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/c4sm01460j · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Monitoring Nanocrystal Self‐Assembly in Real Time Using In Situ Small‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering
Lokteva, I., Koof, M., Walther, M., et al. (2019) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.201900438 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Structure of DPPC–hyaluronan interfacial layers – effects of molecular weight and ion composition
Wieland, D. C. F., Degen, P., Zander, T., et al. (2015) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/c5sm01708d · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Henzler, K. D., Haupt, B., Rosenfeldt, S., et al. (2011) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/c1cp20663j · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Shaping Vesicles–Controlling Size and Stability by Admixture of Amphiphilic Copolymer
Bressel, K., Muthig, M., Prévost, S. F., Gummel, J., Narayanan, T., & Gradzielski, M. (2012) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn300359q · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationIn Situ Probing of Stack-Templated Growth of Ultrathin Cu2– x S Nanosheets
van der Stam, W., Rabouw, F. T., Geuchies, J. J., et al. (2016) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b02787 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Maiti, S., André, A., Banerjee, R., et al. (2018) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03278 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Destri, G. L., Malfatti-Gasperini, A. A., & Konovalov, O. (2015) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02054 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationOleic Acid-Induced Atomic Alignment of ZnS Polyhedral Nanocrystals
van der Stam, W., Rabouw, F. T., Vonk, S. J. W., et al. (2016) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00221 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Crystallization, Reentrant Melting, and Resolubilization of Virus Nanoparticles
Asor, R., Ben-nun-Shaul, O., Oppenheim, A., et al. (2017) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.7b03131 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Mars, J. E., Hou, B., Weiss, H., et al. (2017) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/c7cp04852a · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Recent developments in polymer applications of synchrotron small‐angle X‐ray scattering
Sakurai, S. (2016) · Polymer International · doi:10.1002/pi.5136 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Greco, A., Hinderhofer, A., Dar, M. I., Arora, N., Hagenlocher, J., Chumakov, A. P., Grätzel, M., & Schreiber, F. (2018) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02916 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Anomalous Dynamics of Magnetic Anisotropic Colloids Studied by XPCS
Pal, A., Zinn, T., Kamal, M. A., et al. (2018) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.201802233 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Lund, R., Brun, G., Chevallier, E., et al. (2016) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04711 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Schmaltz, T., Gothe, B., Krause, A. M., et al. (2017) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.7b02394 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Operando study of water vapor transport through ultra-thin graphene oxide membranes
Eliseev, A. A., Poyarkov, A. A., Chernova, E. A., et al. (2019) · 2D Materials · doi:10.1088/2053-1583/ab15ec · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Velocity Fluctuations in Sedimenting Brownian Particles
Möller, J., & Narayanan, T. (2017) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.118.198001 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationRotational dynamics of colloidal hexaferrite nanoplates
Eliseev, A. A., Eliseev, A. A., Eliseev, A. A., et al. (2018) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.5044728 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Time-Resolved Analysis of the Structural Dynamics of Assembling Gold Nanoparticles
Merkens, S., Vakili, M., Sánchez‐Iglesias, A., et al. (2019) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.9b00575 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Anisotropic de Gennes Narrowing in Confined Fluids
Nygård, K., Buitenhuis, J., Kagias, M., et al. (2016) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.116.167801 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
pHLIP Peptide Interaction with a Membrane Monitored by SAXS
Narayanan, T., Weerakkody, D. A., Karabadzhak, A. G., et al. (2016) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b06643 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationTakahashi, R., Narayanan, T., Yusa, S.-I., & Sato, T. (2018) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00101 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationInward growth by nucleation: Multiscale self-assembly of ordered membranes
Landman, J., Ouhajji, S., Prévost, S. F., et al. (2018) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aat1817 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Interaction of the Saponin Aescin with Ibuprofen in DMPC Model Membranes
Geisler, R., Prévost, S. F., Dargel, C., et al. (2018) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00421 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Rogers, M. C., Chen, K., Pagenkopp, M. J., et al. (2018) · Physical Review Materials · doi:10.1103/physrevmaterials.2.095601 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Ultra-small-angle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy using the Eiger detector
Zinn, T., Homs, A., Sharpnack, L., et al. (2018) · Journal of Synchrotron Radiation · doi:10.1107/s1600577518013899 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Massiot, J., Rosilio, V., Ibrahim, N., et al. (2018) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.201804865 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Spontaneous MXene monolayer assembly at the liquid–air interface
Petukhov, D. I., Chumakov, A. P., Kan, A., et al. (2019) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c9nr00525k · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Dynamic Scaling of Colloidal Gel Formation at Intermediate Concentrations
Zhang, Q., Bahadur, D., Đufresne, E. M., et al. (2017) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.119.178006 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Unraveling the Role of Order-to-Disorder Transition in Shear Thickening Suspensions
Lee, J. H., Jiang, Z., Wang, J., et al. (2018) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.120.028002 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Structural Dynamics of Materials Probed by X-Ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy
Madsen, A., Fluerasu, A., & Ruta, B. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-04507-8_29-1 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Real-time evaluation of thin film drying kinetics using an advanced, multi-probe optical setup
Güldal, N. S., Kassar, T., Berlinghof, M., et al. (2016) · Journal of Materials Chemistry C · doi:10.1039/c5tc03448e · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Mable, C. J., Derry, M. J., Thompson, K. L., Fielding, L. A., Mykhaylyk, O. O., & Armes, S. P. (2017) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00475 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Implementation of in situ SAXS/WAXS characterization into silicon/glass microreactors
Beuvier, T., Panduro, E. A. C., Kwaśniewski, P., Marre, S., Lecoutre, C., Garrabos, Y., Aymonier, C., Calvignac, B., & Gibaud, A. (2015) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/c5lc00115c · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Cherkas, O., Beuvier, T., Breiby, D. W., Chushkin, Y., Zontone, F., & Gibaud, A. (2017) · Crystal Growth & Design · doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.7b00476 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Silva, B. F. B. (2017) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/c7cp02736b · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Frank, C., Novák, J., Banerjee, R., et al. (2014) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.90.045410 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
In vivoanalysis of theEscherichia coliultrastructure by small-angle scattering
Semeraro, E. F., Devos, J. M., Porcar, L., Forsyth, V. T., & Narayanan, T. (2017) · IUCrJ · doi:10.1107/s2052252517013008 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationMakiura, R., Tsuchiyama, K., Pohl, E., et al. (2017) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.7b04447 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Geisler, R., Dargel, C., Hannappel, Y., et al. (2019) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.01.015 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Law-Hine, D., Sahoo, A. K., Bailleux, V., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01478 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Structure of n ‑Alkyltrichlorosilane Monolayers on Si(100)/SiO2
Steinrück, H., Will, J., Magerl, A. J., et al. (2015) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03091 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Surface-Induced Polymorphism as a Tool for Enhanced Dissolution: The Example of Phenytoin
Reischl, D., Röthel, C., Christian, P., et al. (2015) · Crystal Growth & Design · doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.5b01002 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Tuning the molecular order of C 60 -based self-assembled monolayers in field-effect transistors
Schmaltz, T., Khassanov, A., Steinrück, H., et al. (2014) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c4nr03557g · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Microemulsions based on TPGS and isostearic acid for imiquimod formulation and skin delivery
Pescina, S., Pereira, G. G., Favero, E. D., et al. (2018) · European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2018.10.007 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Facile Screening of Various Micellar Morphologies by Blending Miktoarm Stars and Diblock Copolymers
Steinschulte, A. A., Gelissen, A. P. H., Jung, A., Brugnoni, M., Caumanns, T., Lotze, G., Mayer, J., Pergushov, D. V., & Plamper, F. A. (2017) · ACS Macro Letters · doi:10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00328 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Bobrovsky, A. Y., Shibaev, V. P., Piryazev, A. A., et al. (2017) · Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.1002/macp.201700127 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Bonatout, N., Muller, F., Fontaine, P., et al. (2017) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c7nr03403b · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Hodas, M., Šiffalovič, P., Nádaždy, P., et al. (2018) · ACS Applied Nano Materials · doi:10.1021/acsanm.8b00473 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Probing the Self-Assembly of Unilamellar Vesicles Using Time-Resolved SAXS
Narayanan, T., Gummel, J., & Gradzielski, M. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-418698-9.00007-1 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationMusumeci, C., Salzmann, I., Bonacchi, S., et al. (2015) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201403773 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Thickness and Substrate Dependent Thin Film Growth of Picene and Impact on the Electronic Structure
Hosokai, T., Hinderhofer, A., Bussolotti, F., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b10453 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
In situ observation of self-assembly of sugars and surfactants from nanometres to microns
Ouhajji, S., Landman, J., Prévost, S. F., Jiang, L., Philipse, A. P., & Petukhov, A. V. (2017) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/c7sm00109f · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Structure, Assembly, and Disassembly of Tubulin Single Rings
Shemesh, A., Ginsburg, A., Levi‐Kalisman, Y., et al. (2018) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00560 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
In situ capabilities of Small Angle X-ray Scattering
Feng, J., Kriechbaum, M., & Liu, E. L. (2019) · Nanotechnology Reviews · doi:10.1515/ntrev-2019-0032 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Bobrovsky, A. Y., Shibaev, V. P., Hamplová, V., et al. (2015) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.10.021 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Observations of Ball-Lightning-Like Plasmoids Ejected from Silicon by Localized Microwaves
Meir, Y., Jerby, E., Barkay, Z., et al. (2013) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma6094011 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Guennouni, Z., Cousin, F., Fauré, M.-C., et al. (2016) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02652 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
In Situ X-ray Reflectivity Study of Polystyrene Ultrathin Films Swollen in Carbon Dioxide
Chébil, M., Vignaud, G., Grohens, Y., et al. (2012) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma301035f · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Wagner, J., Märkert, C., Fischer, B., et al. (2013) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.110.048301 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Morphology, Crystal Structure and Charge Transport in Donor–Acceptor Block Copolymer Thin Films
Gupta, G., Singh, C. R., Lohwasser, R. H., et al. (2014) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/am5049948 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Dähling, C., Lotze, G., Mori, H., et al. (2017) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b04238 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Planar and 3D fibrous polyaniline-based materials for memristive elements
Malakhova, Y. N., Коровин, А. Н., Lapkin, D. A., et al. (2017) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/c7sm01773a · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Belova, V., Wagner, B. L., Reisz, B., et al. (2018) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b00787 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Кuznetsova, L. I., Piryazev, A. A., Anokhin, D. V., et al. (2018) · Organic Electronics · doi:10.1016/j.orgel.2018.03.026 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Al-Ayoubi, S. R., Schinkel, P. K. F., Berghaus, M., et al. (2018) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/c8sm01343h · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Güldal, N. S., Berlinghof, M., Kassar, T., et al. (2016) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/c6ta07023j · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-Limited Growth in Pentacene Thin Films
Pachmajer, S., Jones, A. O. F., Truger, M., et al. (2017) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.6b15907 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Panduro, E. A. C., Granlund, H., Sztucki, M., et al. (2014) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/am404602t · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Duval, J. F. L., Bera, S., Michot, L. J., et al. (2012) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.108.206102 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Jensen, G. V., Lund, R., Narayanan, T., et al. (2016) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00767 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationBuss, F., Schmidt‐Hansberg, B., Sanyal, M., et al. (2016) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00193 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Rey, C., Hengl, N., Baup, S., et al. (2019) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b01333 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Dhasaiyan, P., Prévost, S. F., Baccile, N., & Prasad, B. L. V. (2017) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03164 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Unconventional and Sustainable Nanovectors for Phytohormone Delivery: Insights on Olea europaea
Clemente, I., Menicucci, F., Colzi, I., et al. (2018) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b03489 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Effect of Calcium Ions and Disulfide Bonds on Swelling of Virus Particles
Asor, R., Khaykelson, D., Ben-nun-Shaul, O., et al. (2019) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.8b02753 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Kassar, T., Güldal, N. S., Berlinghof, M., et al. (2015) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.201502025 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Takiue, T., Tottori, T., Tatsuta, K., et al. (2012) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp309589f · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Veschgini, M., Abuillan, W., Inoue, S., et al. (2017) · ChemPhysChem · doi:10.1002/cphc.201700325 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Gothe, B., de Roo, T., Will, J., et al. (2017) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c7nr06090d · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Morphological and crystallographic orientation of hematite spindles in an applied magnetic field
Zákutná, D., Falke, Y., Dresen, D., et al. (2019) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c8nr09583c · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Structural Dynamics of Materials Probed by X-Ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy
Madsen, A., Fluerasu, A., & Ruta, B. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14394-1_29 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Hierarchically self-assembled hexagonal honeycomb and kagome superlattices of binary 1D colloids
Lim, S., Lee, T., Oh, Y., et al. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00512-9 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Specular Reflectivity from Smooth and Rough Surfaces
Gibaud, A., & Vignaud, G. (2008) · Lecture notes in physics · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-88588-7_3 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Solvent Extraction: Structure of the Liquid–Liquid Interface Containing a Diamide Ligand
Scoppola, E., Watkins, E. B., Campbell, R. A., et al. (2016) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.201603395 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Controlling length-scales of the phase separation to optimize organic semiconductor blends
Lorch, C., Frank, H., Banerjee, R., et al. (2015) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.4935545 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Fontaine, P., Fauré, M.-C., Bardin, L., et al. (2014) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/la5038124 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Korytowski, A., Abuillan, W., Makky, A., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b04451 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Arrested and temporarily arrested states in a protein–polymer mixture studied by USAXS and VSANS
Vela, S. D., Exner, C., Schäufele, R. S., et al. (2017) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/c7sm01434a · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Microstructure and dynamics of Janus particles in a phase separating medium
Semeraro, E. F., Dattani, R., & Narayanan, T. (2018) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.5008400 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationVorobiev, A., Khassanov, A., Ukleev, V. A., et al. (2015) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02644 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Dieterle, J., Broch, K., Hinderhofer, A., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b08866 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Nack, A., Seifert, J., Passow, C., et al. (2018) · Journal of Applied Crystallography · doi:10.1107/s1600576717017411 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Surface Phases and Surface Freezing in an Ionic Liquid
Pontoni, D., Haddad, J., Murphy, B. M., Festersen, S., Konovalov, O., Ocko, B. M., & Deutsch, M. (2019) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b00286 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationMeasuring elastic properties of a protein monolayer at water surface by lateral compression
Singh, A., & Konovalov, O. (2013) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/c2sm26410b · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationVarga, Z., Wacha, A., & Bóta, A. (2014) · Journal of Applied Crystallography · doi:10.1107/s1600576713030513 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Körner, A., Abuillan, W., Deichmann, C., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp401869t · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Lokteva, I., Koof, M., Walther, M., et al. (2019) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02622 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Phase-Separation Kinetics in Protein–Salt Mixtures with Compositionally Tuned Interactions
Matsarskaia, O., Vela, S. D., Mariani, A., et al. (2019) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b10725 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Phoretic motion of colloids in a phase separating medium
Dattani, R., Semeraro, E. F., & Narayanan, T. (2017) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/c6sm02855a · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ghezzi, M., Pescina, S., Padula, C., Santi, P., Del Favero, E., Cantù, L., & Nicoli, S. (2021) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.02.031 · Cited by 1,135 · see citing works
- Authors
- Narayanan, T., & Konovalov, O.
- Affiliations
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Narayanan, Theyencheri
- Venue
- Materials
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-02-06
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 752
- ISSN
- 1996-1944 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7040635
- OpenAlex
- W3005408993
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 251
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 0.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Materials (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Radiation › Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Radiation › Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Keywords
- nanomaterials, soft matter, X-ray scattering, nanostructures, nanoscale dynamics, interfaces, buried structures
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review