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The Chitosan Implementation into Cotton and Polyester/Cotton Blend Fabrics

Flinčec Grgac, Sandra, Tarbuk, Anita, Dekanić, Tihana, Sujka, Witold, Draczyński, Zbigniew·2020·Materials
DOI 10.3390/ma13071616PMC PMC7178377
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Abstract

Chitosan is an environmentally friendly agent that is used to achieve the antimicrobial properties of textiles. Nowadays, the binding of chitosan to the textiles has been thoroughly researched due to the increasing demands on the stability of achieved properties during the textile care processes. Most crosslinking agents for chitosan are not safe for humans or environment, such as glutaric aldehyde (GA) and formaldehyde derivatives. Eco-friendly polycarboxyilic acids (PCAs) are usually used in after-treatment. In this work, chitosan powder was dissolved in citric acid with sodium hydrophosphite (SHP) as a catalyst. Standard cotton (CO) and polyester/cotton (PES/CO) fabrics were pretreated in 20% NaOH, similar to mercerization, in order to open the structure of the cotton fibers and hydrolyze polyester fibers, continued by finishing in the gelatin chitosan bath. Afterwards, the hot rinsing process, followed by drying and curing, closed the achieved structure. The main objective was to achieve durable antimicrobial properties to multiple maintenance cycles CO and PES/CO fabric in order to apply it in a hospital environment. The characterization of fabrics was performed after treatment, first and fifth washing cycles according ISO 6330:2012 by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), electrokinetic analysis (EKA), by the determination of tensile properties and mechanical damage (wear), and the antimicrobial activity. The application of 20% NaOH led to the swelling and mercerization of cotton cellulose, and hydrolysis of polyester, resulting in better mechanical properties. It has been confirmed that the chitosan particles were well implemented into the cotton fiber and onto to the polyester component of PES/CO blend. The presence of chitosan was confirmed after five washing cycles, but in lower quantity. However, achieved antimicrobial activity is persistent.

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Figure 1 SEM images of standard cotton fabric (CO) in different magnifications: (a) 1000×, and (b) 3000×.
Figure 1 SEM images of standard cotton fabric (CO) in different magnifications: (a) 1000×, and (b) 3000×.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 SEM images of standard cotton fabric (CO) with implemented chitosan: (a, b) before (CO_Ch); (c, d) after one washing cycle (CO_Ch_1w) and (e, f) after five washing cycles in magnifications of (a, c, e) 1000×, and (b, d, f) 5000×.
Figure 2 SEM images of standard cotton fabric (CO) with implemented chitosan: (a, b) before (CO_Ch); (c, d) after one washing cycle (CO_Ch_1w) and (e, f) after five washing cycles in magnifications of (a, c, e) 1000×, and (b, d, f) 5000×.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 SEM images of standard polyester/cotton blend fabric (PES/CO) in different magnifications: (a) 1000×, and (b) 3000×.
Figure 3 SEM images of standard polyester/cotton blend fabric (PES/CO) in different magnifications: (a) 1000×, and (b) 3000×.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 The SEM images of polyester/cotton fabric (PES/CO) with implemented chitosan: (a, b) before (PES/CO_Ch); (c, d) after one washing cycle (PES/CO_Ch_1w) and (e, f) after five washing cycles in magnifications of (a, c, e) 1000×, and (b, d, f) 5000×.
Figure 4 The SEM images of polyester/cotton fabric (PES/CO) with implemented chitosan: (a, b) before (PES/CO_Ch); (c, d) after one washing cycle (PES/CO_Ch_1w) and (e, f) after five washing cycles in magnifications of (a, c, e) 1000×, and (b, d, f) 5000×.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum of chitosan powder.
Figure 5 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum of chitosan powder.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 6 Spectral bands of the standard cotton (CO) fabric and treated samples (CO_Ch) and after the first (CO_1w, CO_Ch_1w) and fifth (CO_5w, CO_Ch_5w) wash cycles.
Figure 6 Spectral bands of the standard cotton (CO) fabric and treated samples (CO_Ch) and after the first (CO_1w, CO_Ch_1w) and fifth (CO_5w, CO_Ch_5w) wash cycles.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 7 Polyester/cotton (PES/CO) blend fabric and the spectral bands of the treated samples (PES/CO_Ch) and after first (PES/CO_1w, PES/CO_Ch_1w) and fifth washing cycle (PES/C_5w, PES/CO_Ch_5w).
Figure 7 Polyester/cotton (PES/CO) blend fabric and the spectral bands of the treated samples (PES/CO_Ch) and after first (PES/CO_1w, PES/CO_Ch_1w) and fifth washing cycle (PES/C_5w, PES/CO_Ch_5w).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 8 Zeta potential (ζ) vs. pH of 0.001 M KCl for (a) cotton (CO) and (b) polyester/cotton blended (PES/CO) fabrics.
Figure 8 Zeta potential (ζ) vs. pH of 0.001 M KCl for (a) cotton (CO) and (b) polyester/cotton blended (PES/CO) fabrics.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 9 Breaking force, F [N] with interval of confidence (IC99%) of (a) cotton (CO), (b) polyester/cotton blend (PES/CO) fabric before and after washing cycles.
Figure 9 Breaking force, F [N] with interval of confidence (IC99%) of (a) cotton (CO), (b) polyester/cotton blend (PES/CO) fabric before and after washing cycles.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Flinčec Grgac, S., Tarbuk, A., Dekanić, T., Sujka, W., & Draczyński, Z.
Venue
Materials
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-04-01
Volume
13
Issue
7
Pages
1616
ISSN
1996-1944
DOI
10.3390/ma13071616
PMC
PMC7178377
Cited by
60
References
1
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost (UIP-2017-05-8780 HPROTEX)

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