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Cited by 53Natural Fiber Reinforced CompositesWood Treatment and PropertiesLignin and Wood Chemistry

Alternative Materials from Agro-Industry for Wood Panel Manufacturing—A Review

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Neitzel, Nicolas, Hosseinpourpia, Reza, Walther, Thomas, Adamopoulos, Stergios·2022·Materials
DOI 10.3390/ma15134542PMC PMC9267879
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Abstract

The growing demand for wood-based panels for buildings and furniture and the increasing worldwide concern for reducing the pressure on forest resources require alternatives to wood raw materials. The agricultural industry not only can provide raw materials from non-wood plants but also numerous residues and side streams. This review supplies an overview of the availability, chemical composition, and fiber characteristics of non-wood lignocellulosic materials and agricultural residues, i.e., grow care residues, harvest residues, and process residues, and their relevance for use in wood panel manufacturing. During the crop harvest, there are millions of tons of residues in the form of stalks, among other things. Usually, these are only available seasonally without using storage capacity. Process residues, on the other hand, can be taken from ongoing production and processed further. Fiber characteristics and chemical composition affect the panel properties. Alternatives to wood with long fibers and high cellulose content offer sufficient mechanical strength in different panel types. In general, the addition of wood substitutes up to approximately 30% provides panels with the required strength properties. However, other parameters must be considered, such as pressing temperature, adhesive type, press levels, and pretreatments of the raw material. The search for new raw materials for wood panels should focus on availability throughout the year, the corresponding chemical requirements and market competition. Panel type and production process can be adapted to different raw materials to fit niche products.

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  • WPW has a high cellulose (40-60%) and lignin (~30%) content.

    “Meanwhile, despite its high cellulose (40-60%) and lignin (~30%) content and its abundance, WPW remains an under-exploited source for synthesized high-performance biochar [28].”

    From Innovative Valorization of Wood Panel Waste into Activated Biochar for Efficient Phenol Adsorption (2025) · cites this paper as [28]

    Section 2.1.1 (page unavailable) reports 42–49% cellulose and 25–30% lignin for hardwoods, broadly consistent with the claimed composition. It does not identify WPW or give the stated 40–60% cellulose range for WPW; Section 2.1 gives that range for miscanthus instead. (LLM, conf=0.78)

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Authors
Neitzel, N., Hosseinpourpia, R., Walther, T., & Adamopoulos, S.
Affiliations
  • Linnaeus University (SE)
  • IKEA Industry AB, Skrivaregatan 5, 21532 Malmö, Sweden
  • Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Vallvägen 9C, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
ORCID
Venue
Materials
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-06-28
Volume
15
Issue
13
Pages
4542
ISSN
1996-1944 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/ma15134542
PMC
PMC9267879
OpenAlex
W4283697659
Cited by
53
References
175
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 1
FWCI
0.68
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Materials (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Epsilon Open Archive (Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet biblioteket (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences)) (acceptedVersion)
  • KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
FORMAS (2018-01371)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Wood Treatment and Properties
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Lignin and Wood Chemistry
Keywords
wood-based panels, agricultural residues, agro-industrial by-products, wood substitute, fiber properties, chemical composition, mechanical strength, pressing temperature, adhesives, pretreatment, process residues, harvest residues, stalk, forest conservation

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