A phospholipid-protein complex from antarctic krill reduced plasma homocysteine levels and increased plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and carnitine levels in male wistar rats
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Seafood is assumed to be beneficial for cardiovascular health, mainly based on plasma lipid lowering and anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, other plasma risk factors linked to cardiovascular disease are less studied. This study aimed to penetrate the effect of a phospholipid-protein complex (PPC) from Antarctic krill on one-carbon metabolism and production of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) in rats. Male Wistar rats were fed isoenergetic control, 6%, or 11% PPC diets for four weeks. Rats fed PPC had reduced total homocysteine plasma level and increased levels of choline, dimethylglycine and cysteine, whereas the plasma level of methionine was unchanged compared to control. PPC feeding increased the plasma level of TMAO, carnitine, its precursors trimethyllysine and γ-butyrobetaine. There was a close correlation between plasma TMAO and carnitine, trimethyllysine, and γ-butyrobetaine, but not between TMAO and choline. The present data suggest that PPC has a homocysteine lowering effect and is associated with altered plasma concentrations of metabolites related to one-carbon metabolism and B-vitamin status in rats. Moreover, the present study reveals a non-obligatory role of gut microbiota in the increased plasma TMAO level as it can be explained by the PPC's content of TMAO. The increased level of carnitine and carnitine precursors is interpreted to reflect increased carnitine biosynthesis.
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Feeding male Wistar rats a phospholipid-protein complex from Antarctic krill increased plasma levels of TMAO, choline, and carnitine, but there was no correlation between plasma choline and TMAO in rats fed PPC.
“Another contradictory finding was reported by Bjørnda et al. who demonstrated that feeding male Wistar rats a phospholipid-protein complex (PPC) from Antarctic krill increased the plasma levels of TMAO, choline, and carnitine. However, there was no correlation between plasma choline and TMAO in rats fed PPC [37].”
From Trimethylamine N-oxide: the good, the bad and the unknown. (2016) · cites this paper as [37]
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Trimethylamine N-oxide: the good, the bad and the unknown.
Velasquez, M., Ramezani, A., Manal, A., & Raj, D. (2016) · Toxins · doi:10.3390/toxins8110326 · Cited by 504 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Bjørndal, B., Ramsvik, M., Lindquist, C., Nordrehaug, J., Bruheim, I., Svardal, A., Nygård, O., & Berge, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Bergen (NO)
- Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NO)
- Stavanger University Hospital (NO)
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- Haukeland University Hospital (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Berge, Rolf
- Venue
- Marine Drugs
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2015-09-08
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 5706-5721
- ISSN
- 1660-3397 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4584349
- OpenAlex
- W2100013111
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 1.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Marine Drugs (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- The Norwegian Research Council (228069)
- University of Bergen
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
- Keywords
- Antarctic krill, phospholipid-protein complexes, homocysteine, trimethylamine N-oxide, L-carnitine, one-carbon metabolism, B-vitamin status, choline, dimethylglycine, trimethyllysine, gamma-butyrobetaine, gut microbiota, cardiovascular risk factors, omega-3 fatty acids
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animal Feed, Carnitine, Diet, Dietary Proteins, Homocysteine, Male, Methionine, Methylamines, Phospholipids, Rats, Wistar, Euphausiacea, Rats
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