The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Magnesium: The Forgotten Electrolyte—A Review on Hypomagnesemia
Open accessAbstract
Magnesium is the fourth most abundant cation in the body and the second most abundant intracellular cation. It plays an important role in different organ systems at the cellular and enzymatic levels. Despite its importance, it still has not received the needed attention either in the medical literature or in clinical practice in comparison to other electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and calcium. Hypomagnesemia can lead to many clinical manifestations with some being life-threatening. The reported incidence is less likely than expected in the general population. We present a comprehensive review of different aspects of magnesium physiology and hypomagnesemia which can help clinicians in understanding, identifying, and treating this disorder.
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![Figure 2 Relation between urinary and plasma magnesium levels in a healthy subject on a magnesium-free diet (Adapted from Shils ME. Experimental human magnesium deficiency [13]) (Blue line—Plasma Magnesium, Red line—Urinary Magnesium).](/paper-figures/92c416b4683f4ae49229d797828faff1/magnesium-the-forgotten-electrolytea-review-on-hypomagnesemia-figure-2.jpg)
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“Magnesium deficiency may contribute to hypokalemia by enhancing renal potassium loss via disinhibition of renal outer medullary potassium channel (ROMK) in the distal nephron [41].”
From Thyrotoxic Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis: Pathophysiological Mechanisms (2025) · cites this paper as [41]
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Cites
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ashique, S., Kumar, S., Hussain, A., Mishra, N., Garg, A. K., Gowda, B. H. J., Farid, A., Gupta, G., Dua, K., & Taghizadeh‐Hesary, F. (2023) · Journal of Health Population and Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s41043-023-00423-0 · Cited by 167
“Conversely, a small fraction of Mg2+, less than 1–2%, is present in the bloodstream and extracellular fluids [1].”
Background‘Magnesium’-the master cation-as a drug—possibilities and evidences
Mathew, A. A., & Panonnummal, R. (2021) · BioMetals · doi:10.1007/s10534-021-00328-7 · Cited by 131
“The process is regulated by small transmembrane proteins referred as ‘Claudins’ (Schuchardt and Hahn 2017; Ahmed and Mohammed 2019; Gröber et al. 2015).”
BackgroundInfluentialRecommendation on an updated standardization of serum magnesium reference ranges
Rosanoff, A., West, C., Elin, R. J., Micke, O., Baniasadi, S., Barbagallo, M., Campbell, E., Cheng, F., Costello, R. B., Gamboa‐Gómez, C. I., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-022-02916-w · Cited by 97
“These clinical manifestations include metabolic issues (hypokalemia and hypocalcemia), neuromuscular-central nervous system symptoms (hyperexcitability, muscle weakness, tremors, seizures, tetany, headaches, and fatigue), cardiovascular abnormalities (tachycardia, arrhythmias such as torsade de pointes, ventricular fi…”
BackgroundHypermagnesemia in Clinical Practice
AalHamad, A. H., Alawi, A. M. A., Kashoub, M. S., & Falhammar, H. (2023) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina59071190 · Cited by 89
Ponzo, V., Pellegrini, M., Cioffi, I., Scaglione, L., & Bo, S. (2020) · Internal and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11739-020-02525-7 · Cited by 78
Metadata
- Authors
- Ahmed, F., & Mohammed, A.
- Affiliations
- OSF Saint Anthony Medical Center (US)
- Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ahmed, Faheemuddin
- ORCID
- Mohammed, Abdul
- Venue
- Medical Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-04-04
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 56
- ISSN
- 2076-3271 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6524065
- OpenAlex
- W2926579042
- Cited by
- 186
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 24
- FWCI
- 2.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Medical Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Magnesium in Health and Disease
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Magnesium Oxide Properties and Applications
- Keywords
- magnesium, hypomagnesemia, magnesium physiology, electrolytes, intracellular cations, clinical features, incidence, treatment
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