Genome Sequencing of five Lacticaseibacillus Strains and Analysis of Type I and II Toxin-Antitoxin System Distribution
Open accessAbstract
The analysis of bacterial genomes is a potent tool to investigate the distribution of specific traits related to the ability of surviving in particular environments. Among the traits associated with the adaptation to hostile conditions, toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems have recently gained attention in lactic acid bacteria. In this work, genome sequences of Lacticaseibacillus strains of dairy origin were compared, focusing on the distribution of type I TA systems homologous to Lpt/RNAII and of the most common type II TA systems. A high number of TA systems have been identified spread in all the analyzed strains, with type I TA systems mainly located on plasmid DNA. The type II TA systems identified in these strains highlight the diversity of encoded toxins and antitoxins and their organization. This study opens future perspectives on the use of genomic data as a resource for the study of TA systems distribution and prevalence in microorganisms of industrial relevance.
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The whey left after manufacturing has a unique temperature, chemical composition, and microflora, varying by species and biotypes depending on the chosen technology and type of milk.
“The whey left after manufacturing has a unique temperature, chemical composition, and microflora, varying by species and biotypes depending on the chosen technology and type of milk [21,59,73,76,80,109,110,111,112].”
From Microbiota of Cheese Ecosystems: A Perspective on Cheesemaking (2025) · cites this paper as [110]
The Introduction discusses diversity among dairy-associated Lacticaseibacillus strains, and the Discussion addresses their adaptation to cheese environments. Neither section addresses the temperature, chemical composition, or microflora of whey left after manufacturing, or how those properties vary with production technology and milk type (searched: whey composition, microflora, processing technology). (LLM, conf=0.75)
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- Authors
- Levante, A., Lazzi, C., Vatsellas, G., Chatzopoulos, D., Dionellis, V. S., Makrythanasis, P., Neviani, E., & Folli, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Parma (IT)
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (GR)
- University of Geneva (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Levante, Alessia
- Folli, Claudia
- ORCID
- Venue
- Microorganisms
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-03-21
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 648
- ISSN
- 2076-2607 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8003834
- OpenAlex
- W3137465827
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 1.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Microorganisms (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- European Commission
- Università degli Studi di Parma
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Keywords
- Lacticaseibacillus, lactic acid bacteria, toxin-antitoxin systems, type I toxin-antitoxin systems, type II toxin-antitoxin systems, plasmids, comparative genomics, dairy bacteria, stress adaptation, industrial microorganisms
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