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Role of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in Agricultural Sustainability—A Review
Open accessAbstract
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) shows an important role in the sustainable agriculture industry. The increasing demand for crop production with a significant reduction of synthetic chemical fertilizers and pesticides use is a big challenge nowadays. The use of PGPR has been proven to be an environmentally sound way of increasing crop yields by facilitating plant growth through either a direct or indirect mechanism. The mechanisms of PGPR include regulating hormonal and nutritional balance, inducing resistance against plant pathogens, and solubilizing nutrients for easy uptake by plants. In addition, PGPR show synergistic and antagonistic interactions with microorganisms within the rhizosphere and beyond in bulk soil, which indirectly boosts plant growth rate. There are many bacteria species that act as PGPR, described in the literature as successful for improving plant growth. However, there is a gap between the mode of action (mechanism) of the PGPR for plant growth and the role of the PGPR as biofertilizer—thus the importance of nano-encapsulation technology in improving the efficacy of PGPR. Hence, this review bridges the gap mentioned and summarizes the mechanism of PGPR as a biofertilizer for agricultural sustainability.
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![Figure 2 The possible mode of action used by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) towards growth promotion in plants. The flow and location of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, and siderophore production are shown [83].](/paper-figures/c43a3c571d4c46ebac06a155e6c05368/role-of-plant-growth-promoting-rhizobacteria-in-agricultural-sustainabilitya-figure-2.jpg)
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“Growth-promoting effects can be direct, such as the siderophore production, nitrogen fixation, phytohormone production, and nutrient solubilization, or indirect such, as the production of exopolysaccharides, hydrogen cyanide and lytic enzymes, and biofilm formation [7,8].”
From Soy Molasses as Culture Medium for Bacillus Species Aiming at Plant Growth Promotion (2024) · cites this paper as [8]
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Backer, R. G. M., Rokem, J. S., Ilangumaran, G., Lamont, J. R., Praslickova, D., Ricci, E., Subramanian, S., & Smith, D. L. (2018) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.01473 · Cited by 2,233
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Microbial and Plant-Assisted Bioremediation of Heavy Metal Polluted Environments: A Review
Ojuederie, O. B., & Babalola, O. O. (2017) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph14121504 · Cited by 1,071
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Metadata
- Authors
- Vejan, P., Abdullah, R., Khadiran, T., Ismail, S., & Nasrulhaq Boyce, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Malaya (MY)
- Forest Research Institute Malaysia (MY)
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Corresponding author
- Abdullah, Rosazlin
- Venue
- Molecules
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2016-04-29
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 573
- ISSN
- 1420-3049 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6273255
- OpenAlex
- W2342623340
- Cited by
- 1,426
- References
- 124
- Citations by year
- 2026: 139 · 2025: 145 · 2024: 207 · 2023: 189 · 2022: 189 · 2021: 204 · 2020: 140 · 2019: 105 · 2018: 64 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 6.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Molecules (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Universiti Malaya
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Agriculture, Plant Science, Crop Management
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
- Keywords
- plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, biofertilizers, sustainable agriculture, plant hormone regulation, nutrient solubilization, nanoencapsulation, crop yield
- MeSH terms
- Agriculture, Soil Microbiology, Bacterial Physiological Phenomena, Plant Roots, Rhizosphere, Plant Development
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