Characterization of Essential Oil Composition in Different Basil Species and Pot Cultures by a GC-MS Method
Open accessAbstract
Basil (Ocimum L.) species are used as medicinal plants due to their essential oils exhibiting specific biological activity. The present work demonstrated that both the variety and season/conditions of cultivation had a significant effect on (i) the produced amount (extraction yield), (ii) qualitative, as well as (iii) quantitative profile of basil essential oil. Among studied basil varieties, a new variety, ‘Mánes’, was characterized for the first time. Based on our quantitative evaluation of GC-MS profiles, the following chemotypes and average concentrations of a main component were detected in the studied basil varieties: ‘Ohře’, ‘Lettuce Leaf’, ‘Purple Opaal’, ‘Dark Green’ (linalool, 5.99, 2.49, 2.34, 2.01 mg/mL, respectively), and ‘Mammolo Genovese’, ‘Mánes’, ‘Red Rubin’ (eucalyptol, 1.34, 0.96, 0.76 mg/mL, respectively). At the same time, when considering other compounds identified in GC-MS profiles, all the studied varieties, except from ‘Lettuce Leaf’, were methyl eugenol-rich with a strong dependence of the eugenol:methyl eugenol ratio on the seasonal changes (mainly solar irradiation, but also temperature and relative humidity). More complex and/or variable (depending on the season and cultivation) chemotypes were observed with ‘Lettuce Leaf’ (plus estragole, 2.27 mg/mL), ‘Dark Green’ (plus eucalyptol, 1.36 mg/mL), ‘Mammolo Genovese’ (plus eugenol, 1.19 mg/mL), ‘Red Rubin’ (plus linalool and eugenol, 0.46 and 0.56 mg/mL, respectively), and ‘Mánes’ (plus linalool and eugenol, 0.58 and 0.40 mg/mL, respectively). When considering superior extraction yield (ca. 17 mL·kg−1, i.e., two to five times higher than other examined varieties) and consistent amounts (yields) of essential oil when comparing inter-seasonal or inter-year data (RSD and inter-year difference in mean yield values ˂2.5%), this new basil variety is very promising for use in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries.
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Variation in qualitative and quantitative chemical profiles of basil essential oil may be due to variety of plant and growing conditions such as season, climate or soil conditions.
“Joshi and Si [46] and Murarikova et al. [12] described that variation in the qualitative and quantitative chemical profiles of the basil essential oil may be due to the variety of plant and their growing conditions such as season, climate or soil conditions.”
From Aromatic Profiles of Essential Oils from Five Commonly Used Thai Basils (2018) · cites this paper as [12]
The Conclusions (section 4; page unavailable) state that basil variety and season of cultivation affect both the qualitative and quantitative profiles of its essential oil. Results section 2.3 also identifies temperature, solar irradiation and relative humidity as relevant cultivation factors. The cited passages do not establish soil conditions as a factor. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThai basils of different genotypes can be well differentiated on the basis of both essential oil compositions and sensory properties.
“Thai basils of different genotypes could be well differentiated on the basis of both essential oil compositions and sensory properties [11,12,13].”
From Aromatic Profiles of Essential Oils from Five Commonly Used Thai Basils (2018) · cites this paper as [12]
The Results (§2.2; page unavailable) report that essential-oil profiles differ among basil varieties, supporting differentiation by oil composition. But the studied varieties were not identified as Thai basils, and the paper does not report sensory testing or differentiation by sensory properties. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA significant number of studies have been devoted to describing Ocimum essential oils, but relatively few studies have been devoted to Ocimum leaves because there is a lack of a comprehensive and rapid fingerprinting approach.
“A significant number of studies have been devoted to describing Ocimum essential oils [21,29,30], but relatively few studies have been devoted to Ocimum leaves as there is a lack of a comprehensive and rapid fingerprinting approach [16,31,32].”
From Comprehensive Metabolomic Fingerprinting Combined with Chemometrics Identifies Species- and Variety-Specific Variation of Medicinal Herbs: An Ocimum Study (2023) · cites this paper as [29]
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Cites
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Research works printed but not linked: 2
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Aromatic Profiles of Essential Oils from Five Commonly Used Thai Basils
Tangpao, T., Chung, H.-H., & Sommano, S. R. (2018) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods7110175 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
“[12] described that variation in the qualitative and quantitative chemical profiles of the basil essential oil may be due to the variety of plant and their growing conditions such as season, climate or soil conditions.”
BackgroundRai, A. K., Khan, S., Kumar, A., Dubey, B. K., Lal, R. K., Tiwari, A., Trivedi, P. K., Elliott, C. T., & Ch, R. (2023) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo13010122 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“A significant number of studies have been devoted to describing Ocimum essential oils [21,29,30], but relatively few studies have been devoted to Ocimum leaves as there is a lack of a comprehensive and rapid fingerprinting approach [16,31,32].”
Background
- Authors
- Muráriková, A., Ťažký, A., Neugebauerová, J., Planková, A., Jampílek, J., Mučaji, P., & Mikuš, P.
- Affiliations
- Mendel University in Brno (CZ)
- Comenius University Bratislava (SK)
- Corresponding author
- Mikuš, Peter
- Venue
- Molecules
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2017-07-20
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1221
- ISSN
- 1420-3049 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6152153
- OpenAlex
- W2737192869
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 6.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Molecules (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave
- Agentúra na Podporu Výskumu a Vývoja (APVV-0550-11)
- Kultúrna a Edukacná Grantová Agentúra MŠVVaŠ SR (022UK-4/2015)
- Vedecká Grantová Agentúra MŠVVaŠ SR a SAV (1/0873/15, VEGA 1/0873/15)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant chemical constituents analysis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants
- Keywords
- Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum, essential oil composition, chemotypes, linalool, 1,8-cineole, methyl eugenol, estragole, basil varieties, seasonal variation, growth conditions, extraction yield, Manes
- MeSH terms
- Eucalyptol, Acyclic Monoterpenes, Allylbenzene Derivatives, Anisoles, Cyclohexanols, Eugenol, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Oils, Volatile, Plant Oils, Plant Leaves, Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum, Monoterpenes
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