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Amperometric Biosensors Based on Direct Electron Transfer Enzymes

Schachinger, Franziska, Chang, Hucheng, Scheiblbrandner, Stefan, Ludwig, Roland·2021·Molecules
DOI 10.3390/molecules26154525
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Abstract

The accurate determination of analyte concentrations with selective, fast, and robust methods is the key for process control, product analysis, environmental compliance, and medical applications. Enzyme-based biosensors meet these requirements to a high degree and can be operated with simple, cost efficient, and easy to use devices. This review focuses on enzymes capable of direct electron transfer (DET) to electrodes and also the electrode materials which can enable or enhance the DET type bioelectrocatalysis. It presents amperometric biosensors for the quantification of important medical, technical, and environmental analytes and it carves out the requirements for enzymes and electrode materials in DET-based third generation biosensors. This review critically surveys enzymes and biosensors for which DET has been reported. Single- or multi-cofactor enzymes featuring copper centers, hemes, FAD, FMN, or PQQ as prosthetic groups as well as fusion enzymes are presented. Nanomaterials, nanostructured electrodes, chemical surface modifications, and protein immobilization strategies are reviewed for their ability to support direct electrochemistry of enzymes. The combination of both biosensor elements—enzymes and electrodes—is evaluated by comparison of substrate specificity, current density, sensitivity, and the range of detection.

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Metadata

Authors
Schachinger, F., Chang, H., Scheiblbrandner, S., & Ludwig, R.
Venue
Molecules
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-07-27
Volume
26
Issue
15
Pages
4525
ISSN
1420-3049
DOI
10.3390/molecules26154525
Cited by
109
References
1
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
European Research Council (726396)

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Schachinger, F., Chang, H., Scheiblbrandner, S., & Ludwig, R. (2021). Amperometric Biosensors Based on Direct Electron Transfer Enzymes. Molecules. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154525

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