Cited by 16Catalysts for Methane ReformingCO2 Reduction Techniques and CatalystsCarbon dioxide utilization in catalysis

A Review of Theoretical Studies on Carbon Monoxide Hydrogenation via Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis over Transition Metals

Open access
Jamaati, Maryam, Torkashvand, Mostafa, Sarabadani Tafreshi, Saeedeh, de Leeuw, Nora H.·2023·Molecules

Abstract

The increasing demand for clean fuels and sustainable products has attracted much interest in the development of active and selective catalysts for CO conversion to desirable products. This review maps the theoretical progress of the different facets of most commercial catalysts, including Co, Fe, Ni, Rh, and Ru. All relevant elementary steps involving CO dissociation and hydrogenation and their dependence on surface structure, surface coverage, temperature, and pressure are considered. The dominant Fischer–Tropsch synthesis mechanism is also explored, including the sensitivity to the structure of H-assisted CO dissociation and direct CO dissociation. Low-coordinated step sites are shown to enhance catalytic activity and suppress methane formation. The hydrogen adsorption and CO dissociation mechanisms are highly dependent on the surface coverage, in which hydrogen adsorption increases, and the CO insertion mechanism becomes more favorable at high coverages. It is revealed that the chain-growth probability and product selectivity are affected by the type of catalyst and its structure as well as the applied temperature and pressure.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/molecules28186525

Cites

123 of 123 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Fischer-Tropsch synthesis converts syngas (a mixture of H2 and CO, often derived from CO2 via reverse water-gas shift) into liquid hydrocarbons using metal catalysts, typically iron or cobalt, at elevated temperatures (e.g., 200-350°C) and pressures (e.g., 10-30 atm).

    “For instance, the F-T synthesis converts syngas (a mixture of H 2 and CO, often derived from CO 2 via the reverse water-gas shift reaction) into liquid hydrocarbons using metal catalysts, typically iron (Fe) or cobalt (Co), at elevated temperatures (e.g., 200-350 • C) and pressures (e.g., 10-30 atm) [282][283][284].”

    From Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [283]

    The Introduction (page unavailable) says Fischer–Tropsch synthesis converts CO/H2 syngas into hydrocarbons and oxygenates and identifies iron and cobalt as common industrial catalysts. Section 2.4 explicitly mentions liquid hydrocarbons. The copy does not establish that the syngas is often derived from CO2 by reverse water-gas shift, or give the claimed typical ranges of 200–350 °C and 10–30 atm; its discussion of water-gas shift concerns the forward reaction. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

1 retracted

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. [97]van de Loosdrecht J. Botes F.G. Ciobica I.M. Ferreira A. Gibson P. Moodley D.J. Saib A.M. Visagie J.L. Weststrate C.J. Niemantsverdriet J.W. Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis: Catalysts and Chemistry Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry II: From Elements to Applications 2nd ed. Elsevier Ltd. Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2013 9780080965291
  2. [109]John R. Catalysis Anderson J.R. Boudart M. Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany 1984 978-3-642-93249-6

Cited by

Authors
Jamaati, M., Torkashvand, M., Sarabadani Tafreshi, S., & de Leeuw, N. H.
Affiliations
  • Iran University of Science and Technology (IR)
  • Amirkabir University of Technology (IR)
  • Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), No. 350, Hafez Avenue, Tehran 15916-34311, Iran
  • School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
Venue
Molecules
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2023-09-08
Volume
28
Issue
18
Pages
6525
ISSN
1420-3049 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4386602276
Cited by
16
References
123
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3
FWCI
0.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Molecules (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Catalysis › Catalysts for Methane Reforming
  • Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts
  • Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Process Chemistry and Technology › Carbon dioxide utilization in catalysis
Keywords
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, CO hydrogenation, transition metal catalysts, CO dissociation, hydrogen adsorption, surface coverage, methane suppression, chain growth probability, product selectivity, cobalt catalysts, iron catalysts, nickel catalysts, rhodium catalysts, ruthenium catalysts, reaction mechanism

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review