Foods and Supplements Associated with Vitamin B12 Biomarkers among Vegetarian and Non-Vegetarian Participants of the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2) Calibration Study
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To investigate the association between plasma concentration of vitamin B12 and B12 intake from supplements, fortified foods, and animal source foods among vegetarians and non-vegetarians, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis among 728 participants of the Adventist Health Study 2 (AHS-2) calibration study. The median age of participants was 58 years, 65.4% were female, and 50.3% were White. We used six 24 h dietary recalls to measure B12 intake, serum vitamin B12, and holotranscobalamin (holoTC) concentration. B12 supplements had a significantly positive association with plasma B12 among all subjects (p trend < 0.001), especially among vegans and lacto-ovo vegetarians (p trend < 0.001). Among non-users of B12 supplements, B12 intake from milk substitutes was significantly positively associated with holoTC (p trend < 0.004) and serum B12 (p trend < 0.030). In non-vegetarians, holoTC was significantly positively associated with B12 intake from eggs, while serum B12 was significantly positively associated with B12 intake from milk in the upper tertile compared to the lower, and B12 intake from meat in the middle compared to the lower tertile intake (p < 0.011). Supplements containing B12 followed by B12 intake from milk substitutes were significant contributors of plasma vitamin B12 concentration.
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Despite the low efficiency of cobalamin supplements, a significant positive association between supplementation and vitamin B12 status has been reported.
“Despite the low efficiency of cobalamin supplements [229,230], a significant positive association between supplementation and vitamin B12 status has been reported, indicating this as a viable strategy to offset low natural intakes [237].”
From Nutritional Considerations for the Vegan Athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [237]
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References 23 · Cited by 42
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [22]Willett W. Nature of variation in diet Nutritional Epidemiology 3rd ed. Oxford University Press New York, NY, USA 2013 Volume 40 34 48
- Authors
- Damayanti, D., Jaceldo-Siegl, K., Beeson, W. L., Fraser, G., Oda, K., & Haddad, E. H.
- Affiliations
- Loma Linda University (US)
- Loma Linda University, School of Public Health, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Corresponding author
- Haddad, Ella H.
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2018-06-04
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 722
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6024521
- OpenAlex
- W2519693987
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 3.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (2010-38938-20924)
- National Cancer Institute (U01CA152939, 2010-38938-20924)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutrition and Health Studies
- Keywords
- vitamin B12, dietary intake, fortified foods, dairy alternatives, holotranscobalamin, serum vitamin B12, vegetarians, vegans, lacto-ovo-vegetarians, animal source foods, eggs, dairy products, Adventist Health Study-2
- MeSH terms
- Diet, Vegan, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dairy Products, Eggs, Female, Food, Fortified, Humans, Male, Meat, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Nutritional Status, Nutritive Value, Transcobalamins, Diet, Vegetarian, Vitamin B 12, Biomarkers, Nutrition Assessment, Seafood, Dietary Supplements, Protestantism
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