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Cited by 76

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Calcium Supplements and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials

Myung, Seung-Kwon, Kim, Hong-Bae, Lee, Yong-Jae, Choi, Yoon-Jung, Oh, Seung-Won·2021·Nutrients
DOI 10.3390/nu13020368
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Abstract

Background: Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials (double-blind, placebo-controlled RCTs) have reported controversial findings regarding the associations between calcium supplements on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between them. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and the bibliographies of relevant articles for double-blind, placebo-controlled RCTs in November, 2020. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of cardiovascular disease were calculated using a random effects model. The main outcomes were CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and cerebrovascular disease. Results: A total of 13 double-blind, placebo-controlled RCTs (14,692 participants in an intervention group and 14,243 participants in a control group) were included in the final analysis. Calcium supplements significantly increased the risk of CVD (RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.06–1.25, I2 = 0.0%, n = 14) and CHD (RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.05–1.28, I2 = 0.0%, n = 9) in double-blind, placebo-controlled RCTs, specifically in healthy postmenopausal women. In the subgroup meta-analysis, dietary calcium intake of 700–1000 mg per day or supplementary calcium intake of 1000 mg per day significantly increased the risk of CVD and CHD. Conclusions: The current meta-analysis found that calcium supplements increased a risk of CVD by about 15% in healthy postmenopausal women.

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Research works printed but not linked: 36

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Cited by

Metadata

Authors
Myung, S.-K., Kim, H.-B., Lee, Y.-J., Choi, Y.-J., & Oh, S.-W.
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-01-26
Volume
13
Issue
2
Pages
368
ISSN
2072-6643
DOI
10.3390/nu13020368
Cited by
76
References
6
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)

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