Effect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether calcium supplements increase the risk of cardiovascular events. DESIGN: Patient level and trial level meta-analyses. DATA SOURCES: Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (1966-March 2010), reference lists of meta-analyses of calcium supplements, and two clinical trial registries. Initial searches were carried out in November 2007, with electronic database searches repeated in March 2010. STUDY SELECTION: Eligible studies were randomised, placebo controlled trials of calcium supplements (>or=500 mg/day), with 100 or more participants of mean age more than 40 years and study duration more than one year. The lead authors of eligible trials supplied data. Cardiovascular outcomes were obtained from self reports, hospital admissions, and death certificates. RESULTS: 15 trials were eligible for inclusion, five with patient level data (8151 participants, median follow-up 3.6 years, interquartile range 2.7-4.3 years) and 11 with trial level data (11 921 participants, mean duration 4.0 years). In the five studies contributing patient level data, 143 people allocated to calcium had a myocardial infarction compared with 111 allocated to placebo (hazard ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.67, P=0.035). Non-significant increases occurred in the incidence of stroke (1.20, 0.96 to 1.50, P=0.11), the composite end point of myocardial infarction, stroke, or sudden death (1.18, 1.00 to 1.39, P=0.057), and death (1.09, 0.96 to 1.23, P=0.18). The meta-analysis of trial level data showed similar results: 296 people had a myocardial infarction (166 allocated to calcium, 130 to placebo), with an increased incidence of myocardial infarction in those allocated to calcium (pooled relative risk 1.27, 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 1.59, P=0.038). CONCLUSIONS: Calcium supplements (without coadministered vitamin D) are associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction. As calcium supplements are widely used these modest increases in risk of cardiovascular disease might translate into a large burden of disease in the population. A reassessment of the role of calcium supplements in the management of osteoporosis is warranted.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
RCTs have demonstrated very small benefits or even adverse cardiometabolic effects of conjugated linoleic acid and calcium.
“Conjugated linoleic acid and calcium were proposed as potential mediators, but RCTs have demonstrated very small benefits or even adverse cardiometabolic effects of these factors.78–84”
From Components of a Cardioprotective Diet: New Insights (2011) · cites this paper as [84]
Certain supplements including beta-carotene, calcium, and vitamin E may even be harmful.
“Evidence has accrued that most of these supplements have little CVD benefit, and that certain supplements including beta-carotene, calcium, and vitamin E may even be harmful.105-108, 111-113”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [113]
Most of these supplements have little CVD benefit.
“Evidence has accrued that most of these supplements have little CVD benefit, and that certain supplements including beta-carotene, calcium, and vitamin E may even be harmful.105-108, 111-113”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [113]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 · Cited by 56,722 · see citing works
Goodman, W. G., Goldin, J. G., Kuizon, B. D., Yoon, C. S., Gales, B., Sider, D., Wang, Y., Chung, J., Emerick, A. M., Greaser, L. E., et al. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200005183422003 · Cited by 2,503 · see citing works
Vitamin D Deficiency and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Wang, T. J., Pencina, M. J., Booth, S. L., Jacques, P. F., Ingelsson, E., Lanier, K. J., Benjamin, E. J., D’Agostino, R. B., Wolf, M. S., & Vasan, R. S. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.706127 · Cited by 2,394 · see citing works
Oodman, W. I. G. G., Oldin, J. O. G., Uizon, D. K., Oon, C. H. Y., Ales, B. A. G., Ider, D. O. S., Ang, W. C., Oanie, J., Hung, C., Merick, A. L. E., et al. (2000) · Cited by 2,191 · see citing works
Calcium plus Vitamin D Supplementation and the Risk of Fractures
Jackson, R. D., LaCroix, A. Z., Gass, M. L. S., Wallace, R. B., Robbins, J. A., Lewis, C. E., Bassford, T. L., Beresford, S. A. A., Black, H. R., Blanchette, P. L., et al. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa055218 · Cited by 1,861 · see citing works
Vitamin D and calcium supplementation reduces cancer risk: results of a randomized trial
Lappe, J. M., Travers‐Gustafson, D., Davies, K. M., Recker, R. R., & Heaney, R. P. (2007) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/85.6.1586 · Cited by 1,445 · see citing works
Tang, B., Eslick, G., Nowson, C., Smith, C. A., & Bensoussan, A. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1097/01.ogx.0000298339.68546.3c · Cited by 1,365 · see citing works
Tang, B. M., Eslick, G. D., Nowson, C., Smith, C., & Bensoussan, A. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61342-7 · Cited by 1,248 · see citing works
Sambrook, P. N., & Cooper, C. C. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68891-0 · Cited by 1,183 · see citing works
Autier, P. (2007) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.167.16.1730 · Cited by 1,104 · see citing works
Calcium plus Vitamin D Supplementation and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer
Wactawski‐Wende, J., Kotchen, J. M., Anderson, G. L., Assaf, A. R., Brunner, R. L., O’Sullivan, M. J., Margolis, K. L., Ockene, J. K., Phillips, L. S., Pottern, L. M., et al. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa055222 · Cited by 980 · see citing works
(2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)63013-9 · Cited by 970 · see citing works
Self-citationA Controlled Trial of the Effect of Calcium Supplementation on Bone Density in Postmenopausal Women
Dawson‐Hughes, B., Dallal, G. E., Krall, E. A., Sadowski, L., Sahyoun, N. R., & Tannenbaum, S. (1990) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199009273231305 · Cited by 945 · see citing works
Calcium Supplements for the Prevention of Colorectal Adenomas
Baron, J. A., Beach, M. A., Mandel, J. S., van Stolk, R. U., Haile, R. W., Sandler, R. S., Rothstein, R. I., Summers, R. W., Snover, D. C., Beck, G. J., et al. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199901143400204 · Cited by 865 · see citing works
Self-citationBlock, G. A., Raggi, P., Bellasi, A., Kooienga, L. A., & Spiegel, D. M. (2007) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/sj.ki.5002059 · Cited by 794 · see citing works
Bolland, M. J., Barber, P. A., Doughty, R. N., Mason, B., Horne, A. M., Ames, R. W., Gamble, G. D., Grey, A. B., & Reid, I. R. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39440.525752.be · Cited by 690 · see citing works
Self-citationAvenell, A., Gillespie, W. J., Gillespie, L. D., & O'Connell, D. (2009) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000227.pub3 · Cited by 667 · see citing works
Self-citationCalcium/Vitamin D Supplementation and Cardiovascular Events
Hsia, J. A., HEISS, G. M., Ren, H., Allison, M., Dolan, N. C., Greenland, P., Heckbert, S. R., Johnson, K., Manson, J. E., Sidney, S., et al. (2007) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.673491 · Cited by 658 · see citing works
Hodgson, S. F., Watts, N. B., Bilezikian, J. P., Clarke, B. L., Gray, T., Harris, D. W., Johnston, C. C., Kleerekoper, M., Lindsay, R., Luckey, M. M., et al. (2003) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep.9.6.544 · Cited by 605 · see citing works
Vitamin D Deficiency and Risk for Cardiovascular Disease
Judd, S. E., & Tangpricha, V. (2009) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/maj.0b013e3181aaee91 · Cited by 575 · see citing works
Using the Coronary Artery Calcium Score to Predict Coronary Heart Disease Events
Pletcher, M. J., Tice, J. A., Pignone, M. P., & Browner, W. S. (2004) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.164.12.1285 · Cited by 566 · see citing works
Effect of Calcium Supplementation on Bone Loss in Postmenopausal Women
Reid, I. R., Ames, R. W., Evans, M. C., Gamble, G. D., & Sharpe, S. J. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199302183280702 · Cited by 512 · see citing works
Self-citationAmerican Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
Ward, R. (2011) · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Bonithon‐Kopp, C., Kronborg, O., Giacosa, A., Räth, U., & Faivre, J. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02813-0 · Cited by 475 · see citing works
Effects of Calcium Supplementation on Clinical Fracture and Bone Structure
Prince, R. L., Devine, A., Dhaliwal, S. S., & Dick, I. M. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.8.869 · Cited by 453 · see citing works
Intake of Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium, and Fiber and Risk of Stroke Among US Men
Ascherio, A., Rimm, E. B., Hernán, M. Á., Giovannucci, E. L., Kawachi, I. I., Stampfer, M. J., & Willett, W. C. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.98.12.1198 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Reid, I. R., Ames, R. W., Evans, M. C., Gamble, G. D., & Sharpe, S. J. (1995) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(99)80310-6 · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Self-citationGriffith, L. E. (1999) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(98)00224-6 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
The DIPART (vitamin D Individual Patient Analysis of Randomized Trials) Group (2010) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b5463 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Correcting calcium nutritional deficiency prevents spine fractures in elderly women
Recker, R. R., Hinders, S. M., Davies, K. M., Heaney, R. P., Stegman, M. R., Lappe, J. M., & Kimmel, D. B. (1996) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.5650111218 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Vitamin D and calcium: a systematic review of health outcomes.
Chung, M. C., Balk, E. M., Brendel, M., Ip, S., Lau, J., Lee, J., Lichtenstein, A. H., Patel, K., Raman, G., Tatsioni, A., et al. (2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Russo, D., Miranda, I., Ruocco, C., Battaglia, Y., Buonanno, E., Manzi, S., Russo, L., Scafarto, A., & Andreucci, V. E. (2007) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/sj.ki.5002518 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., Dawson‐Hughes, B., Baron, J. A., Burckhardt, P., Li, R., Spiegelman, D. L., SPECKER, B. L., Orav, E. J., Wong, J. B., Staehelin, H. B., et al. (2007) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/86.5.1780 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Self-citationProspective Study of Calcium, Potassium, and Magnesium Intake and Risk of Stroke in Women
Iso, H., Stampfer, M. J., Manson, J. E., Rexrode, K. M., Hennekens, C. H., Colditz, G. A., Speizer, F. E., & Willett, W. C. (1999) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.30.9.1772 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Riggs, B. L., O’Fallon, W. M., Muhs, J. M., O’Connor, M. K., Kumar, R., & Melton, L. J. (1998) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.1998.13.2.168 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Randomized Controlled Trial of Calcium in Healthy Older Women
Reid, I. R., Mason, B., Horne, A., Ames, R., Reid, H. E., Bava, U., Bolland, M. J., & Gamble, G. D. (2006) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.02.038 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Self-citationBostick, R. M., Kushi, L. H., Wu, Y. G., Meyer, K., Sellers, T. A., & FOLSOM, A. R. (1999) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009781 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Foley, R. N., Collins, A. J., Ishani, A., & Kalra, P. A. (2008) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2008.05.016 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Peacock, M., Liu, G., Carey, M. A., McClintock, R., Ambrosius, W. T., Hui, S. L., & Johnston, C. C. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.85.9.6836 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Effects of calcium supplementation on serum lipid concentrations in normal older women:
Reid, I. R., Mason, B., Horne, A. M., Ames, R. W., Clearwater, J. M., Bava, U., Orr‐Walker, B., Wu, F., Evans, M. C., & Gamble, G. D. (2002) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(01)01138-x · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Self-citationElders, P. J. M., Netelenbos, J. C., Lips, P. T. A. M., van Ginkel, F. C., Khoe, E., Leeuwenkamp, O. R., Hackeng, W. H. L., & van der Stelt, P. F. (1991) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-73-3-533 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Events before and after Surgery for Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Vestergaard, P., Mollerup, C., Frøkjær, V. G., Christiansen, P., Blichert-Toft, M., & Mosekilde, L. (2003) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00268-002-6541-z · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Lind, L., Skarfors, E., Berglund, L., Lithell, H., & Ljunghall, S. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00104-2 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
A Skeleton in the Atherosclerosis Closet
Demer, L. L. (1995) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.92.8.2029 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Randomized Controlled Trial of Calcium Supplementation in Healthy, Nonosteoporotic, Older Men
Reid, I. R., Ames, R. W., Mason, B., Reid, H. E., Bacon, C. J., Bolland, M. J., Gamble, G. D., Grey, A. B., & Horne, A. M. (2008) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.168.20.2276 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Self-citationNilsson, I., Li, Y., Lundgren, E., Rastad, J., & Ekbom, A. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Serum Calcium and Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Diseases
Jorde, R., Sundsfjord, J., Fitzgerald, P., & Bønaa, K. H. (1999) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.34.3.484 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Calcium supplementation and bone loss in middle-aged women
Smith, E. L., Gilligan, C., Smith, P. E., & Sempos, C. (1989) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/50.4.833 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., Dawson‐Hughes, B., Baron, J. A., Burckhardt, P., Li, R., Spiegelman, D. L., SPECKER, B. L., Orav, E. J., Wong, J. B., Staehelin, H. B., et al. (2007) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/86.6.1780 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of calcium supplementation on hip fractures
Reid, I. R., Bolland, M. J., & Grey, A. B. (2008) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-008-0563-9 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationDietary calcium supplementation for preventing colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps
Weingarten, M. A., Trestioreanu, A. Z., & Yaphe, J. (2008) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003548.pub4 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Pentti, K., Tuppurainen, M. T., Honkanen, R., Sandini, L., Kröger, H., Alhava, E. M., & Saarikoski, S. (2009) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.03.006 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Reid, I. R., Horne, A. M., Mason, B., Ames, R. W., Bava, U., & Gamble, G. D. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-2205 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Self-citationA controlled trial of the effect of calcium supplementation on bone density in postmenopausal women
Dawson‐Hughes, B., Dallal, G., Krall, E. A., Sadowski, L., Sahyoun, N., & Tannenbaum, S. (1991) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1016/0020-7292(91)90314-u · Cited by 116 · see citing works
ISCHÆMIC-HEART-DISEASE MORTALITY AND DIETARY INTAKE OF CALCIUM
Knox, E. G. (1973) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(73)91808-4 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
THE ACUTE BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF FOUR PROPRIETARY CALCIUM PREPARATIONS
Reid, I. R., SCHOOLER, B. A., Hannan, S., & Ibbertson, H. K. (1986) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1986.tb01147.x · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationVitamin D Supplementation and Total Mortality: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
SHULMAN, L. P. (2008) · Yearbook of Obstetrics Gynecology and Women s Health · doi:10.1016/s1090-798x(08)79127-6 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Vitamin D Status in a Rural Postmenopausal Female Population
Lappe, J. M., Davies, K. M., Travers‐Gustafson, D., & Heaney, R. P. (2006) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2006.10719551 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Al‐Delaimy, W. K., Rimm, E. B., Willett, W. C., Stampfer, M. J., & Hu, F. B. (2003) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/77.4.814 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Does calcium supplementation increase cardiovascular risk?
Reid, I. R., Bolland, M. J., & Grey, A. B. (2010) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03792.x · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationBonnick, S. L., Broy, S. B., Kaiser, F. E., Teutsch, C., Rosenberg, E., DeLucca, P. T., & Melton, M. E. (2007) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/030079907x188035 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
van de Vijver, L. P. L., van der Waal, M. A. E., Weterings, K. G. C., DEKKER, J. M., Schouten, E. G., & Kok, F. J. (1992) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/21.1.36 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Green, H., Booth, C. L., & Bunning, R. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Results may not be generalisable
Lappe, J. M., & Heaney, R. P. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39493.476667.1f · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Dietary calcium supplementation for preventing colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps
Weingarten, M. A., Zalmanovici, A., & Yaphe, J. (2005) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003548.pub3 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Calcium plus Vitamin D Supplementation and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer
(2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmx060016 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
The acute biochemical effects of four proprietary calcium preparations
Hunt, M. (1986) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0196-0644(86)80639-4 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 68 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Osteoporosis: now and the future
Rachner, T. D., Khosla, S., & Hofbauer, L. C. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)62349-5 · Cited by 2,696 · see citing works
Mozaffarian, D. (2016) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.115.018585 · Cited by 2,216 · see citing works
Papaioannou, A., Morin, S. N., Cheung, A. M., Atkinson, S. A., Brown, J. P., Feldman, S., Hanley, D. A., Hodsman, A. B., Jamal, S. A., Kaiser, S., et al. (2010) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.100771 · Cited by 1,742 · see citing works
Camacho, P. M., Petak, S. M., Binkley, N., Diab, D. L., Eldeiry, L. S., Farooki, A., Harris, S. T., Hurley, D. L., Kelly, J., Lewiecki, E. M., et al. (2020) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/gl-2020-0524suppl · Cited by 1,182 · see citing works
Camacho, P. M., Petak, S. M., Binkley, N., Clarke, B. L., Harris, S. T., Hurley, D. L., Kleerekoper, M., Lewiecki, E. M., Miller, P. D., Narula, H. S., et al. (2016) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep161435.esgl · Cited by 1,140 · see citing works
2016 IMS Recommendations on women’s midlife health and menopause hormone therapy
Baber, R., Panay, N., & Fenton, A. J. (2016) · Climacteric · doi:10.3109/13697137.2015.1129166 · Cited by 968 · see citing works
Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals
Cameron, I. D., Gillespie, L. D., Robertson, M. C., Murray, G. R., Hill, K. D., Cumming, R. G., & Kerse, N. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005465.pub3 · Cited by 928 · see citing works
Eastell, R., O’Neill, T. W., Hofbauer, L. C., Langdahl, B. L., Reid, I. R., Gold, D. T., & Cummings, S. R. (2016) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2016.69 · Cited by 865 · see citing works
Self-citationBolland, M. J., Grey, A., Avenell, A., Gamble, G. D., & Reid, I. R. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d2040 · Cited by 851 · see citing works
Self-citationPrevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis
Tella, S. H., & Gallagher, J. C. (2014) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.09.008 · Cited by 786 · see citing works
The Nonskeletal Effects of Vitamin D: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement
Rosen, C. J., Adams, J. S., Bikle, D. D., Black, D. M., Demay, M. B., Manson, J. E., Murad, M. H., & Kovács, C. S. (2012) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2012-1000 · Cited by 764 · see citing works
Nutrients, foods, and colorectal cancer prevention
Song, M., Garrett, W. S., & Chan, A. T. (2015) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.12.035 · Cited by 700 · see citing works
Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults
Bjelakovic, G., Gluud, L. L., Nikolova, D., Whitfield, K., Wetterslev, J., Simonetti, R. G., Bjelakovic, M., & Gluud, C. (2014) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007470.pub3 · Cited by 695 · see citing works
Qaseem, A., Forciea, M. A., McLean, R. M., Denberg, T. D., & for the Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians* (2017) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m15-1361 · Cited by 676 · see citing works
Osteoporosis in Men: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
Watts, N. B., Adler, R. A., Bilezikian, J. P., Drake, M. T., Eastell, R., Orwoll, E. S., & Finkelstein, J. S. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2011-3045 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Components of a Cardioprotective Diet: New Insights
Mozaffarian, D., Appel, L. J., & Van Horn, L. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.110.968735 · Cited by 571 · see citing works
Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals
Cameron, I. D., Dyer, S. M., Panagoda, C. E., Murray, G., Hill, K., Cumming, R. G., & Kerse, N. M. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005465.pub4 · Cited by 588 · see citing works
The effect of vitamin D on bone and osteoporosis
Lips, P. T. A. M., & van Schoor, N. M. (2011) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2011.05.002 · Cited by 559 · see citing works
Manson, J. E., Bassuk, S. S., Lee, I.-M. M., Cook, N. R., Albert, M. A., Gordon, D., Zaharris, E., MacFadyen, J. G., Danielson, E., Lin, J., et al. (2011) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2011.09.009 · Cited by 552 · see citing works
Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues for preventing fractures in post-menopausal women and older men
Avenell, A., Mak, J. C., & O'Connell, D. L. (2014) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000227.pub4 · Cited by 482 · see citing works
Self-citationCamacho, P. M., Petak, S. M., Binkley, N., Clarke, B. L., Harris, S. T., Hurley, D. L., Kleerekoper, M., Lewiecki, E. M., Miller, P. D., Narula, H. S., et al. (2016) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep161435.gl · Cited by 487 · see citing works
(2021) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/gme.0000000000001831 · Cited by 474 · see citing works
Fortmann, S. P., Burda, B. U., Senger, C. A., Lin, J. S., & Whitlock, E. P. (2013) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-159-12-201312170-00729 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Bolland, M. J., Grey, A. B., & Avenell, A. (2018) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(18)30265-1 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Self-citationKarvellas, C. J., Farhat, M. R., Sajjad, I., Mogensen, S. S., Leung, A. A. C., Wald, R., & Bagshaw, S. M. (2011) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc10061 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Guidelines for Preventive Activities in General Practice
Ackermann, E. W., Harris, M., Alexander, K. L., Arcus, M., Bailey, L., Bennett, J. W., Mar, C. D., Emery, J. D., Ewald, B. D., Ewald, D. P., et al. (2012) · e-publications@bond (Bond University) · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Bolland, M. J., Grey, A. B., Gamble, G. D., & Reid, I. R. (2014) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(13)70212-2 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Self-citationVitamin D and Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Elamin, M. B., Elnour, N. O. A., Elamin, K. B., Fatourechi, M. M., Alkatib, A. A., Almandoz, J. P., Liu, H., Lane, M. A., Mullan, R. J., Hazem, A., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2011-0398 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
Current Status of the Diagnosis and Management of Osteoporosis
Aibar-Almazán, A., Voltes-Martínez, A., Castellote-Caballero, Y., Afanador-Restrepo, D. F., Carcelén-Fraile, M. D. C., & López-Ruiz, E. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23169465 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
NCCN Task Force Report: Bone Health in Cancer Care
Gralow, J. R., Biermann, J. S., Farooki, A., Fornier, M. N., Gagel, R. F., Kumar, R., Litsas, G., McKay, R. R., Podoloff, D. A., Srinivas, S., et al. (2013) · Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network · doi:10.6004/jnccn.2013.0215 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Calcium intake and bone mineral density: systematic review and meta-analysis
Tai, V., Leung, W. C. Y., Grey, A. B., Reid, I. R., & Bolland, M. J. (2015) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.h4183 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Self-citationNutrition and Breast Cancer: A Literature Review on Prevention, Treatment and Recurrence
Cicco, P. D., Catani, M. V., Gasperi, V., Sibilano, M., Quaglietta, M., & Savini, I. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11071514 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Increased Risk of Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Diabetes Is Associated With Metformin
Moore, E. M., Mander, A. G., Ames, D. J., Kotowicz, M. A., Carne, R. P., Brodaty, H., Woodward, M., Boundy, K. L., Ellis, K. A., Bush, A. I., et al. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-0229 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Walker, M. D., & Shane, E. J. (2023) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmcp2307353 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Thorning, T. K., Bertram, H. C., Bonjour, J., de Groot, C. P. G. M., Dupont, D., Feeney, E. L., Ipsen, R., Lecerf, J. M., Mackie, A. R., McKinley, M. C., et al. (2017) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.151548 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Association between vitamin D supplementation and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis
Zhang, Y., Fang, F., Tang, J., Jia, L., Feng, Y., Xu, P., & Faramand, A. M. (2019) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.l4673 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Suboptimal magnesium status in the United States: are the health consequences underestimated?
Rosanoff, A., Weaver, C. M., & Rude, R. K. (2012) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00465.x · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Calcium intake and risk of fracture: Systematic review
Bolland, M. J., Leung, W., Tai, V., Bastin, S., Gamble, G. D., Grey, A., & Reid, I. R. (2015) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.h4580 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Self-citationDietary Supplements and Mortality Rate in Older Women
Mursu, J. (2011) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2011.445 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
A trial of calcium and vitamin D for the prevention of colorectal adenomas
Baron, J. A., Barry, E. L., Mott, L. A., Rees, J. R., Sandler, R. S., Snover, D. C., Bostick, R. M., Ivanova, A., Cole, B. F., Ahnen, D. J., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1500409 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Self-citationAutier, P., Mullie, P., Macacu, A., Dragomir, M., Boniol, M., Coppens, K., Pizot, C., & Boniol, M. (2017) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30357-1 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Li, K., Kaaks, R., Linseisen, J., & Rohrmann, S. (2012) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2011-301345 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Compston, J. E., Bowring, C. E., Cooper, A., Cooper, C. C., Davies, C., Francis, R. M., Kanis, J. А., Marsh, D., McCloskey, E. V., Reid, D. M., et al. (2013) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.05.013 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
de Villiers, T. J., Pines, A., Panay, N., Gambacciani, M., Archer, D. F., Baber, R., Davis, S. R., Gompel, A., Henderson, V. W., Langer, R., et al. (2013) · Climacteric · doi:10.3109/13697137.2013.795683 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Prevention of diseases after menopause
Løbo, R. A., Davis, S. R., de Villiers, T. J., Gompel, A., Henderson, V. W., Hodis, H. N., Lumsden, M.-A., Mack, W. J., Shapiro, S., & Baber, R. (2014) · Climacteric · doi:10.3109/13697137.2014.933411 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Rozenberg, S., Body, J., Bruyère, O., Bergmann, P., Brandi, M. L., Cooper, C. C., Devogelaer, J., Gielen, E., Goemaere, S., Kaufman, J., et al. (2015) · Calcified Tissue International · doi:10.1007/s00223-015-0062-x · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Ford, J. A., MacLennan, G. S., Avenell, A., Bolland, M., Grey, A., & Witham, M. (2014) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.082602 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Self-citationMichaëlsson, K., Melhus, H., Lemming, E. W., Wolk, A., & Byberg, L. (2013) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.f228 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Bolland, M. J., Grey, A. B., Gamble, G. D., & Reid, I. R. (2011) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.015032 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Self-citationMoyer, V. A., & on behalf of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force* (2013) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-158-9-201305070-00603 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Dietary and Supplemental Calcium Intake and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality
Xiao, Q., Murphy, R. A., Houston, D. K., Harris, T. B., Chow, W., & Park, Y. (2013) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.3283 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Avenell, A., MacLennan, G., Jenkinson, D. J., McPherson, G. C., McDonald, A. M., Pant, P. R., GRANT, A. M., Campbell, M., Anderson, F. H., Cooper, C. C., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2011-1309 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Self-citationDietary calcium intake and risk of fracture and osteoporosis: prospective longitudinal cohort study
Warensjö, E., Byberg, L., Melhus, H., Gedeborg, R., Mallmin, H., Wolk, A., & Michaëlsson, K. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d1473 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Calcium and Phosphate: A Duet of Ions Playing for Bone Health
Bonjour, J. (2011) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2011.10719988 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Khan, S. U., Khan, M. U., Riaz, H., Valavoor, S., Zhao, D., Vaughan, L., Okunrintemi, V., Riaz, I. B., Khan, M. S., Kaluski, E., et al. (2019) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m19-0341 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Osteoporosis—a risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
Lampropoulos, C. E., Papaioannou, I., & D’Cruz, D. P. (2012) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2012.120 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
The epidemiology and management of postmenopausal osteoporosis: a viewpoint from Brazil
Baccaro, L. F., Conde, D. M., Costa‐Paiva, L., & Pinto-Neto, A. M. (2015) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s54614 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults
Bjelaković, G., Gluud, L. L., Nikolova, D., Whitfield, K., Krstic, G., Wetterslev, J., & Gluud, C. N. (2014) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007469.pub2 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Bilezikian, J. P. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa113 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Vilaca, T., Eastell, R., & Schini, M. (2022) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00012-2 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Short-term and long-term effects of osteoporosis therapies
Reid, I. R. (2015) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2015.71 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Self-citationRejnmark, L., Avenell, A., Masud, T., Anderson, F. H., Meyer, H. E., Sanders, K. M., Salovaara, K., Cooper, C. C., Smith, H. E., Jacobs, E. T., et al. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2011-3328 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Self-citationZhang, Y., Tan, H., Tang, J., Li, J., Chong, W., Hai, Y., Feng, Y., Lunsford, L. D., Xu, P., Jia, D., et al. (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-1708 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences
(2016) · Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences · doi:10.20936/jpbms · Cited by 193 · see citing works
The role of calcium supplementation in healthy musculoskeletal ageing
Harvey, N. C., Biver, E., Kaufman, J., Bauer, J. M., Branco, J., Brandi, M. L., Bruyère, O., Coxam, V., Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Czerwinski, E. J., et al. (2016) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-016-3773-6 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Li, K., Wang, X.-F., Li, D.-Y., Chen, Y.-C., Zhao, L.-J., Liu, X.-G., Guo, Y.-F., Shen, J., Lin, X., Deng, J., et al. (2018) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s157523 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Sturdee, D. W., Pines, A., & on behalf of the International Menopause Society Writing Group (2011) · Climacteric · doi:10.3109/13697137.2011.570590 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Stroke Prevention - Medical and Lifestyle Measures
Sarıkaya, H., Ferro, J. M., & Arnold, M. (2015) · European Neurology · doi:10.1159/000367652 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
State of the art in osteoporosis risk assessment and treatment
Liu, J., Curtis, E. M., Cooper, C. C., & Harvey, N. C. (2019) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-019-01041-6 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Anderson, J. J. B., Kruszka, B., Delaney, J. A., He, K., Burke, G. L., Alonso, Á., Bild, D. E., Budoff, M. J., & Michos, E. D. (2016) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.116.003815 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
2012 update of French guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis
Briot, K., Cortet, B., Thomas, T., Audran, M., Blain, H., Breuil, V., Chapuis, L., Chapurlat, R. D., Fardellone, P., Féron, J.-M., et al. (2012) · Joint Bone Spine · doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2012.02.014 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Lutsey, P. L., Alonso, Á., Michos, E. D., Loehr, L. R., Astor, B. C., Coresh, J., & Folsom, A. R. (2014) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.114.085167 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Calcium, vitamin D, vitamin K2, and magnesium supplementation and skeletal health
Capozzi, A., Scambia, G., & Lello, S. (2020) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.05.020 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Zhu, K., & Prince, R. L. (2012) · Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.05.006 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
The pathogenesis, diagnosis, investigation and management of osteoporosis
Sandhu, S. K., & Hampson, G. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1136/jcp.2010.077842 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation and Cognitive Impairment in the Women's Health Initiative
Rossom, R. C., Espeland, M. A., Manson, J. E., Dysken, M. W., Johnson, K., Lane, D. S., LeBlanc, E. S., Lederle, F. A., Masaki, K., & Margolis, K. L. (2012) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.12032 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Calcium Intake and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Chung, M. C., Tang, A., Fu, Z., Wang, D. D., & Newberry, S. J. (2016) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m16-1165 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Benatar, J. R., Sidhu, K., & Stewart, R. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076480 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Wallace, R. B., Wactawski‐Wende, J., O’Sullivan, M. J., Larson, J. C., Cochrane, B. B., Gass, M. L. S., & Masaki, K. (2011) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.110.003350 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Lewis, J. R., Radavelli‐Bagatini, S., Rejnmark, L., Chen, J. S., Simpson, J. M., Lappe, J. M., Mosekilde, L., Prentice, R. L., & Prince, R. L. (2014) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.2311 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Covic, A. C., Vervloet, M. G., Massy, Z. A., Ureña, P., Goldsmith, D. J. A., Brandenburg, V. M., Mazzaferro, S., Evenepoel, P., Bover, J., Apetrii, M., et al. (2017) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30310-8 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Use of phosphate-binding agents is associated with a lower risk of mortality
Cannata-Andía, J. B., Martín, J. L. F., Locatelli, F., London, G. M., Górriz, J. L., Floege, J., Ketteler, M., Ferreira, A., Covic, A. C., Rutkowski, B., et al. (2013) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.2013.185 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Non-musculoskeletal benefits of vitamin D
Wimalawansa, S. J. (2016) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.09.016 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
2018 update of French recommendations on the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis
Briot, K., Roux, C., Thomas, T., Blain, H., Buchon, D., Chapurlat, R. D., Debiais, F., Féron, J.-M., Gauvain, J. B., Guggenbuhl, P., et al. (2018) · Joint Bone Spine · doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2018.02.009 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Petri, M., Bello, K. J., Fang, H., & Magder, L. S. (2013) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.37953 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Cesareo, R., Attanasio, R., Caputo, M., Castello, R., Chiodini, I., Falchetti, A., Guglielmi, R., Papini, E., Santonati, A., Scillitani, A., et al. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10050546 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults
Bjelaković, G., Gluud, L. L., Nikolova, D., Whitfield, K., Wetterslev, J., Simonetti, R. G., Bjelaković, M., & Gluud, C. N. (2011) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007470.pub2 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Lems, W. F., & Raterman, H. G. (2017) · Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease · doi:10.1177/1759720x17732562 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Calcium supplements: benefits and risks
Reid, I. R., Bristow, S. M., & Bolland, M. J. (2015) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.12394 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Self-citationWitham, M. D., Price, R. J. G., Struthers, A. D., Donnan, P. T., Messow, C., Ford, I., & McMurdo, M. E. T. (2013) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.9043 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Effect of osteoporosis medications on fracture healing
Hegde, V. V., Jo, J. E., Andreopoulou, P., & Lane, J. M. (2015) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-015-3331-7 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Acamprosate Produces Its Anti-Relapse Effects Via Calcium
Spanagel, R., Vengeliene, V., Jandeleit, B., Fischer, W.-N., Grindstaff, K. K., Zhang, X., Gallop, M. A., Krstew, E., Lawrence, A. J., & Kiefer, F. (2013) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2013.264 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Stubbs, B., Brefka, S., & Denkinger, M. D. (2015) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.2522/ptj.20140461 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
The management of osteoporosis in children
Ward, L. M., Konji, V. N., & Ma, J. (2016) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-016-3515-9 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Nutritional Supplements and Cancer: Potential Benefits and Proven Harms
Harvie, M. (2014) · American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book · doi:10.14694/edbook_am.2014.34.e478 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Extraskeletal Effects of Vitamin D
Wolden-Kirk, H., Gysemans, C. A., Verstuyf, A., & Mathieu, C. (2012) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2012.05.004 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Circulating calcium concentrations, vascular disease and mortality: a systematic review
Reid, I. R., Gamble, G. D., & Bolland, M. J. (2016) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.12464 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-citationBone Health in Athletes: The Role of Exercise, Nutrition, and Hormones
Goolsby, M. A., & Boniquit, N. (2017) · Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach · doi:10.1177/1941738116677732 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
“Consuming calcium in diet, such as dairy products, however, does not seem to pose risks for kidney stones or cardiovascular events as seen with artificial forms of calcium supplementation.(19,32) On the other hand, both calcium and vitamin D supplementation can decrease the incidence of stress fractures, as seen among…”
BackgroundLewis, J. R., Zhu, K., & Prince, R. L. (2011) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.1484 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Modifying effect of calcium/magnesium intake ratio and mortality: a population-based cohort study
Dai, Q., Shu, X., Deng, X., Xiang, Y.-B., Li, H., Yang, G., Shrubsole, M. J., Ji, B., Cai, H., Chow, W., et al. (2013) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002111 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bolland, M. J., Avenell, A., Baron, J. A., Grey, A., MacLennan, G. S., Gamble, G. D., & Reid, I. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- University of Aberdeen (GB)
- Dartmouth College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Reid, I. R.
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2010-07-29
- Volume
- 341
- Issue
- jul29 1
- Pages
- c3691-c3691
- ISSN
- 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
- 0959-8138
- 1468-5833
- PMC
- PMC2912459
- OpenAlex
- W2143921117
- Cited by
- 1,099
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 59 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 73 · 2015: 81 · 2014: 114 · 2013: 134 · 2012: 112
- FWCI
- 17.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- BMJ (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Aberdeen University Research Archive (Aberdeen University) (submittedVersion)
- ResearchSpace (University of Auckland) (submittedVersion)
- ResearchSpace (University of Auckland) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- Scottish Government
- University of Auckland
- Fonterra Co-Operative Group
- Shire
- Chief Scientist Office, Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorate
- Health Research Council of New Zealand
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA098286)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Keywords
- calcium supplements, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular events, stroke, sudden death, mortality, vitamin D, older adults, cardiovascular risk, individual patient data, risk of bias assessment, subgroup analysis
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Calcium, Dietary, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Osteoporosis, Risk Factors, Vitamin D, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Dietary Supplements, Stroke, Bone Density Conservation Agents
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
