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Association between Consumption of Iodine-Rich Foods and Thyroid Cancer Prevalence: Findings from a Large Population-Based Study
Open accessAbstract
The influence of iodine-rich foods on thyroid cancer (TC) risk remains inadequately understood. Therefore, we aimed to comprehensively investigate the relationship between three iodine-rich food groups and TC prevalence using extensive data from a large Korean population. We assessed the dietary intake of 169,057 participants in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (2004–2013) using a food frequency questionnaire. The top-three iodine-rich food groups (including egg, seaweed, and dairy) were selected based on Korean dietary reference intakes and categorized by weekly consumption frequency. We conducted multiple logistic regression models to examine the relationship between food consumption and TC prevalence. After adjusting for confounding factors, higher seaweed consumption (>5 times/week) was significantly associated with lower TC prevalence (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.42, 0.32–0.56, p-value < 0.001). In contrast, compared with moderate dairy consumption (3–4 times/week), lower dairy product intake (<1 time/week) was associated with higher TC prevalence (OR, 95% CI = 1.32, 1.05–1.67, p-value = 0.017). Our findings suggest that sufficient seaweed consumption may offer protection against TC, and incorporating dairy products into the diet may lower TC incidence in the Korean population. The most significant limitations of our study are the absence of 24 h urine samples for iodine status assessment and the lack of clinical data on the diagnosis of thyroid cancer.
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Some studies, particularly in Korea, have observed protective associations between high seaweed consumption and lower thyroid cancer prevalence.
“Conversely, some studies, particularly those in Korea, have observed protective associations between high seaweed consumption and lower thyroid cancer prevalence [235].”
From Navigating the potential of algal peptides: health effects, market applications, and scientific challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [235]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kwon, Y.-J., Lee, H.-S., Kang, S.-W., & Lee, J.-W.
- Affiliations
- Yonsei University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Kang, Sang-Wook
- Lee, Ji-Won
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2024-04-03
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1041
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11013877
- OpenAlex
- W4393871181
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4
- FWCI
- 4.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Korean Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy (20002781, 321030051HD030)
- Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs (20002781, 321030051HD030)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- thyroid cancer, iodine-rich foods, seaweed consumption, dairy consumption, egg consumption, iodine intake, cancer prevalence, Korean population, Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Iodine, Seaweed, Thyroid Neoplasms, Odds Ratio, Asian People, Republic of Korea
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