Ten-Year Trends in Fiber and Whole Grain Intakes and Food Sources for the United States Population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2010
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Current U.S. dietary guidance includes recommendations to increase intakes of both dietary fiber and whole grain (WG). This study examines fiber and WG intakes, food sources and trends from 2001 to 2010 based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data for children/adolescents (n = 14,973) and adults (n = 24,809). Mean fiber intake for children/adolescents was 13.2 (±0.1) g/day. Mean fiber intake for adults 19–50 years (y) was 16.1 (±0.2) g/day and for adults 51+ was 16.1 (±0.2) g/day. There were significant increases in fiber intake from 2001–2010 for children/adolescents and for adults 51+ y. Mean WG intake for children/adolescents was 0.52 (±0.01) oz eq/day. Mean WG intake for adults 19–50 y was 0.61 (±0.02) oz eq/day and for adults 51+ 0.86 (±0.02) oz eq/day. There were no significant changes in WG intake for any age group from 2001–2010. The main food groups contributing to dietary fiber intake for children/adolescents were vegetables (16.6%), grain mixtures (16.3%), other foods (15.8%) and fruits (11.3%). For adults 19+ y, the main sources of dietary fiber were vegetables (22.6%), other foods (14.3%), grain mixtures (12.0%) and fruits (11.1%). Major WG sources for children/adolescents included ready-to-eat cereals (RTEC) (31%), yeast breads/rolls (21%) and crackers and salty grain snacks (21%). The main sources of WG for adults 19+ were yeast breads/rolls (27%), RTEC (23%) and pastas/cooked cereals/rice (21%). Recommending cereals, breads and grain mixtures with higher contents of both dietary fiber and WG, along with consumer education, could increase intakes among the United States (U.S.) population.
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A lack of plant-based dietary fibre is a consistent feature of Western dietary patterns.
“an important and unwavering commonality of Western dietary trends is the paucity of plant-based dietary fibre48”
From Diet–microbiota interactions as moderators of human metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as [48]
People eating a typical Western diet usually take in much less fibre than recommended.
“most of whom consume far below the recommended amounts of dietary fibre48”
From Diet–microbiota interactions as moderators of human metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as [48]
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References 24 · Cited by 222
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [3]Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine Dietary, Functional and Total Fiber Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrates, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids National Academies Press Washington, DC, USA 2005 329 421
- Authors
- McGill, C., III, V., & Devareddy, L.
- Affiliations
- Healthy Science Communications, LLC, Sarasota, FL 34234, USA
- Nutrition Impact, LLC, Battle Creek, MI 49014, USA
- Coca Cola (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- McGill, Carla
- ORCID
- III, Victor
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2015-02-09
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 1119-1130
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4344579
- OpenAlex
- W2069285981
- Cited by
- 222
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 8
- FWCI
- 25.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- The Kellogg Company
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Nutrition, Health, and Society Studies
- Keywords
- whole grain intake, dietary trends, children and adolescents, older adults, ready-to-eat cereals, yeast bread, grain mixtures, vegetable consumption, dietary recommendations
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Edible Grain, Child, Child, Preschool, Diet, Dietary Fiber, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Time Factors, United States, Young Adult, Recommended Dietary Allowances
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