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GC/MS Profiling, Antibacterial, Anti-Quorum Sensing, and Antibiofilm Properties of Anethum graveolens L. Essential Oil: Molecular Docking Study and In-Silico ADME Profiling

Noumi, Emira, Ahmad, Iqrar, Adnan, Mohd, Merghni, Abderrahmen, Patel, Harun, Haddaji, Najla, Bouali, Nouha, Alabbosh, Khulood Fahad, Ghannay, Siwar, Aouadi, Kaïss, Kadri, Adel, Polito, Flavio, Snoussi, Mejdi, De Feo, Vincenzo·2023·Plants
DOI 10.3390/plants12101997PMC PMC10220905
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Abstract

Anethum graveolens L. has been known as an aromatic, medicinal, and culinary herb since ancient times. The main purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition, antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti-quorum sensing activities of the essential oil (EO) obtained by hydro-distillation of the aerial parts. Twelve components were identified, representing 92.55% of the analyzed essential oil. Limonene (48.05%), carvone (37.94%), cis-dihydrocarvone (3.5%), and trans-carvone (1.07%) were the main identified constituents. Results showed that the obtained EO was effective against eight bacterial strains at different degrees. Concerning the antibiofilm activity, limonene was more effective against biofilm formation than the essential oil when tested using sub-inhibitory concentrations. The results of anti-swarming activity tested against P. aeruginosa PAO1 revealed that A. graveolens induced more potent inhibitory effects in the swarming behavior of the PAO1 strain when compared to limonene, with a percentage reaching 33.33% at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. The ADME profiling of the identified phytocompounds confirms their important pharmacokinetic and drug-like properties. The in-silico study using molecular docking approaches reveals a high binding score between the identified compounds and known target enzymes involved in antibacterial and anti-quorum sensing (QS) activities. Overall, the obtained results highlight the possible use of A. graveolens EO to prevent food contamination with foodborne pathogenic bacteria.

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Figure 1 Chemical structure of the A. graveolens EO identified compounds. All compound names are listed in Table 1.
Figure 1 Chemical structure of the A. graveolens EO identified compounds. All compound names are listed in Table 1.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Different morphotypes obtained on CRA plates based on the color of the colonies. (a): negative slime producer, (b,c): positive slime producer.
Figure 2 Different morphotypes obtained on CRA plates based on the color of the colonies. (a): negative slime producer, (b,c): positive slime producer.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Biofilm formation ability of pathogenic bacteria on various materials. Error bars indicate SD (± standard deviation) of three independent experiments.
Figure 3 Biofilm formation ability of pathogenic bacteria on various materials. Error bars indicate SD (± standard deviation) of three independent experiments.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Anti-adhesion activities of A. graveolens EO and limonene. Error bars indicate SD (± standard deviation) of three independent experiments.
Figure 4 Anti-adhesion activities of A. graveolens EO and limonene. Error bars indicate SD (± standard deviation) of three independent experiments.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 Anti-biofilm activities of A. graveolens EO and limonene on polystyrene (A) and glass (B) surfaces. Error bars indicate SD (± standard deviation) of three independent experiments.
Figure 5 Anti-biofilm activities of A. graveolens EO and limonene on polystyrene (A) and glass (B) surfaces. Error bars indicate SD (± standard deviation) of three independent experiments.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 6 Effect of different MIC values of A. graveolens EO and limonene on violacein inhibition in C. violaceum ATCC 12472.
Figure 6 Effect of different MIC values of A. graveolens EO and limonene on violacein inhibition in C. violaceum ATCC 12472.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 7 Boiled-egg model of A. graveolens studied compounds. The names of the compounds are listed in Table 1.
Figure 7 Boiled-egg model of A. graveolens studied compounds. The names of the compounds are listed in Table 1.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 8 Bioavailability polygons of A. graveolens identified compounds based on their physicochemical parameters using ADMET properties. Names of the compounds are same as in Table 1.
Figure 8 Bioavailability polygons of A. graveolens identified compounds based on their physicochemical parameters using ADMET properties. Names of the compounds are same as in Table 1.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 9 (A) 2D and 3D residual interactions network of Dihydro carvone cis-1HD2 complex and Caranone trans-1JIJ complex. (B) 2D and 3D residual interaction networks of Caranone trans-2XCT complex and Dill ether-2UV0 complex. (C) 2D and 3D residual interaction networks of Dill ether-3IX3 complex.
Figure 9 (A) 2D and 3D residual interactions network of Dihydro carvone cis-1HD2 complex and Caranone trans-1JIJ complex. (B) 2D and 3D residual interaction networks of Caranone trans-2XCT complex and Dill ether-2UV0 complex. (C) 2D and 3D residual interaction networks of Dill ether-3IX3 complex.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Noumi, E., Ahmad, I., Adnan, M., Merghni, A., Patel, H., Haddaji, N., Bouali, N., Alabbosh, K. F., Ghannay, S., Aouadi, K., Kadri, A., Polito, F., Snoussi, M., & De Feo, V.
Venue
Plants
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2023-05-16
Volume
12
Issue
10
Pages
1997
ISSN
2223-7747
DOI
10.3390/plants12101997
PMC
PMC10220905
Cited by
51
References
0
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
Scientific Research Deanship at the University of Ha’il—Saudi Arabia (RG-21 114)

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Noumi, E., Ahmad, I., Adnan, M., Merghni, A., Patel, H., Haddaji, N., Bouali, N., Alabbosh, K. F., Ghannay, S., Aouadi, K., Kadri, A., Polito, F., Snoussi, M., & De Feo, V. (2023). GC/MS Profiling, Antibacterial, Anti-Quorum Sensing, and Antibiofilm Properties of Anethum graveolens L. Essential Oil: Molecular Docking Study and In-Silico ADME Profiling. Plants. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12101997

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