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Cited by 89Elasticity and Material ModelingPolymer Science and PVCRheology and Fluid Dynamics Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Scission, Cross-Linking, and Physical Relaxation during Thermal Degradation of Elastomers

Open access
Zaghdoudi, Maha, Kömmling, Anja, Jaunich, Matthias, Wolff, Dietmar·2019·Polymers
DOI 10.3390/polym11081280PMC PMC6723081
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Abstract

Elastomers are susceptible to chemical ageing, i.e., scission and cross-linking, at high temperatures. This thermally driven ageing process affects their mechanical properties and leads to limited operating time. Continuous and intermittent stress relaxation measurements were conducted on ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM) and hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) samples for different ageing times and an ageing temperature of 125 °C. The contributions of chain scission and cross-linking were analysed for both materials at different ageing states, elucidating the respective ageing mechanisms. Furthermore, compression set experiments were performed under various test conditions. Adopting the two-network model, compression set values were calculated and compared to the measured data. The additional effect of physical processes to scission and cross-linking during a long-term thermal exposure is quantified through the compression set analysis. The characteristic times relative to the degradation processes are also determined.

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Crossref · 10.3390/polym11081280

Cites

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Figures

Figure 1 Schematic representation: (a) Stacked disks with axial loading; (b) O-ring segment with radial loading.
Figure 1 Schematic representation: (a) Stacked disks with axial loading; (b) O-ring segment with radial loading.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Continuous and intermittent normalized stress relaxation data at 125 °C for: (a) EPDM; (b) HNBR.
Figure 2 Continuous and intermittent normalized stress relaxation data at 125 °C for: (a) EPDM; (b) HNBR.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Evolution of cross-linking versus scission at 125 °C for: (a) EPDM; (b) HNBR.
Figure 3 Evolution of cross-linking versus scission at 125 °C for: (a) EPDM; (b) HNBR.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Evolution of cross-linking and chain scission versus ageing time for (a) EPDM and (b) HNBR.
Figure 4 Evolution of cross-linking and chain scission versus ageing time for (a) EPDM and (b) HNBR.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 Influence of the viscoelastic contribution for (a) EPDM and (b) HNBR.
Figure 5 Influence of the viscoelastic contribution for (a) EPDM and (b) HNBR.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 6 Compression set (CS)(%) after ageing at 125 °C versus ageing time for: (a) EPDM; (b) HNBR.
Figure 6 Compression set (CS)(%) after ageing at 125 °C versus ageing time for: (a) EPDM; (b) HNBR.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 7 Continuous normalized stress relaxation (Rc) versus the corrected CS(%) after 30 min and CS(%) after tempering for: (a) EPDM; (b) HNBR.
Figure 7 Continuous normalized stress relaxation (Rc) versus the corrected CS(%) after 30 min and CS(%) after tempering for: (a) EPDM; (b) HNBR.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Bender, 2001, Improving the heat resistance of hydrogenated nitrile rubber compounds, KGK, 54, 14
  2. Reincke, 2014, Alterung und Beständigkeitsuntersuchungen von Elastomerwerkstoffen, KGK, 67, 60

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Metadata

Authors
Zaghdoudi, M., Kömmling, A., Jaunich, M., & Wolff, D.
Affiliations
Federal Institute For Materials Research and Testing (DE)
Corresponding author
Zaghdoudi, Maha
ORCID
Venue
Polymers
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2019-07-31
Volume
11
Issue
8
Pages
1280
ISSN
2073-4360 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/polym11081280
PMC
PMC6723081
OpenAlex
W2965859879
Cited by
89
References
35
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9
FWCI
2.12
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Polymers (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
BMWi (project no. 1501509)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Elasticity and Material Modeling
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer Science and PVC
  • Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes › Rheology and Fluid Dynamics Studies
Keywords
chain scission, crosslinking, physical relaxation, chemical aging, ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, stress relaxation, compression set, aging mechanisms, characteristic time

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