Unraveling of Advances in 3D-Printed Polymer-Based Bone Scaffolds
Open accessAbstract
The repair of large-area irregular bone defects is one of the complex problems in orthopedic clinical treatment. The bone repair scaffolds currently studied include electrospun membrane, hydrogel, bone cement, 3D printed bone tissue scaffolds, etc., among which 3D printed polymer-based scaffolds Bone scaffolds are the most promising for clinical applications. This is because 3D printing is modeled based on the im-aging results of actual bone defects so that the printed scaffolds can perfectly fit the bone defect, and the printed components can be adjusted to promote Osteogenesis. This review introduces a variety of 3D printing technologies and bone healing processes, reviews previous studies on the characteristics of commonly used natural or synthetic polymers, and clinical applications of 3D printed bone tissue scaffolds, analyzes and elaborates the characteristics of ideal bone tissue scaffolds, from t he progress of 3D printing bone tissue scaffolds were summarized in many aspects. The challenges and potential prospects in this direction were discussed.
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PLCL prepared by 3D printing can be controlled by adjusting printing parameters such as packing density and interlayer bonding to impart higher elastic modulus and fatigue strength, making it more suitable for long-term implantation.
“The PLCL prepared by 3D printing can be controlled by adjusting the printing parameters, such as packing density and interlayer bonding, to impart higher elastic modulus and fatigue strength to the material, which is more suitable for long-term implantation scenarios [64].”
From Application of PLCL as a biodegradable polymer in biomedical engineering (2026) · cites this paper as [64]
Section 5.2.3 (page not provided) says that adjusting SLS parameters can improve the mechanical strength of PCL scaffolds and that PCL can provide long-term support. It does not establish the claim for PLCL or report that packing density and interlayer bonding increase its elastic modulus and fatigue strength for long-term implantation. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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References 187 · Cited by 349
- Authors
- Xu, Y., Zhang, F., Zhai, W., Cheng, S., Li, J., & Wang, Y.
- Affiliations
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University (CN)
- Henan University of Science and Technology (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Li, Jinghua
- Wang, Yi
- Venue
- Polymers
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-01-30
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 566
- ISSN
- 2073-4360 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8840342
- OpenAlex
- W4210606618
- Cited by
- 349
- References
- 187
- Citations by year
- 2026: 53 · 2025: 109 · 2024: 109 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 8
- FWCI
- 6.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Polymers (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Hebei Natural Science Foundation (H2021201005)
- National United Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Bearing Tribology (202105)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Anatomy and Medical Technology
- Keywords
- 3D-printed bone scaffolds, bone defects, bone tissue engineering, 3D printing technologies, bone regeneration, natural polymers, synthetic polymers, bone formation, scaffold design
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