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Encapsulation of Bioactive Compounds for Food and Agricultural Applications

Zabot, Giovani Leone, Schaefer Rodrigues, Fabiele, Polano Ody, Lissara, Vinícius Tres, Marcus, Herrera, Esteban, Palacin, Heidy, Córdova-Ramos, Javier S., Best, Ivan, Olivera-Montenegro, Luis·2022·Polymers
DOI 10.3390/polym14194194PMC PMC9571964
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Abstract

This review presents an updated scenario of findings and evolutions of encapsulation of bioactive compounds for food and agricultural applications. Many polymers have been reported as encapsulated agents, such as sodium alginate, gum Arabic, chitosan, cellulose and carboxymethylcellulose, pectin, Shellac, xanthan gum, zein, pullulan, maltodextrin, whey protein, galactomannan, modified starch, polycaprolactone, and sodium caseinate. The main encapsulation methods investigated in the study include both physical and chemical ones, such as freeze-drying, spray-drying, extrusion, coacervation, complexation, and supercritical anti-solvent drying. Consequently, in the food area, bioactive peptides, vitamins, essential oils, caffeine, plant extracts, fatty acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, and terpenes are the main compounds encapsulated. In the agricultural area, essential oils, lipids, phytotoxins, medicines, vaccines, hemoglobin, and microbial metabolites are the main compounds encapsulated. Most scientific investigations have one or more objectives, such as to improve the stability of formulated systems, increase the release time, retain and protect active properties, reduce lipid oxidation, maintain organoleptic properties, and present bioactivities even in extreme thermal, radiation, and pH conditions. Considering the increasing worldwide interest for biomolecules in modern and sustainable agriculture, encapsulation can be efficient for the formulation of biofungicides, biopesticides, bioherbicides, and biofertilizers. With this review, it is inferred that the current scenario indicates evolutions in the production methods by increasing the scales and the techno-economic feasibilities. The Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for most of the encapsulation methods is going beyond TRL 6, in which the knowledge gathered allows for having a functional prototype or a representative model of the encapsulation technologies presented in this review.

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Figure 1 Encapsulation and morphology of microcapsule.
Figure 1 Encapsulation and morphology of microcapsule.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Schematic illustration of the emulsions.
Figure 2 Schematic illustration of the emulsions.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Advantages and applications of encapsulation in the agricultural sector.
Figure 3 Advantages and applications of encapsulation in the agricultural sector.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Advantages and applications of encapsulation in the food area.
Figure 4 Advantages and applications of encapsulation in the food area.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Zabot, G. L., Schaefer Rodrigues, F., Polano Ody, L., Vinícius Tres, M., Herrera, E., Palacin, H., Córdova-Ramos, J. S., Best, I., & Olivera-Montenegro, L.
Venue
Polymers
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-10-06
Volume
14
Issue
19
Pages
4194
ISSN
2073-4360
DOI
10.3390/polym14194194
PMC
PMC9571964
Cited by
397
References
0
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
  • National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) (308067/2021–5)
  • Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola (USIL) (308067/2021–5)

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Zabot, G. L., Schaefer Rodrigues, F., Polano Ody, L., Vinícius Tres, M., Herrera, E., Palacin, H., Córdova-Ramos, J. S., Best, I., & Olivera-Montenegro, L. (2022). Encapsulation of Bioactive Compounds for Food and Agricultural Applications. Polymers. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14194194