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Cited by 10Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applicationsGynecological conditions and treatmentsAdvanced Drug Delivery Systems

Study on an Injectable Chitosan–Lignin/Poloxamer Hydrogel Loaded with Platelet-Rich Plasma for Intrauterine Adhesion Treatment

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Yu, Zhipeng, Min, Yang, Ouyang, Qi, Fu, Yuting, Mao, Ying, Xiang, Shuanglin, Hu, Xiang, Jiang, Liuyun·2025·Polymers
DOI 10.3390/polym17040474PMC PMC11858913
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Abstract

It is a great challenge to obtain an ideal hydrogel for the clinical treatment of intrauterine adhesion (IUA) disease. Here, a novel injectable chitosan–lignin/poloxamer hydrogel loaded with platelet-rich plasma (CL-PF127@PRP) was prepared by self-assembly at room temperature. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), rheological analysis, and injectable writing were used to characterize the structure of the hydrogel. The results confirmed that the amino group of chitosan and the sulfonic group of sodium lignosulfonate were ionic-crosslinked by electrostatic attraction, which stabilized the three-dimensional structure of the PF127 hydrogel loaded with PRP, and PRP made the porous structure gradually become tight. Moreover, the CL-PF127@PRP hydrogel displayed good injectability and a solid state. The soaking experiment showed that the CL-PF127@PRP hydrogel had suitable degradation at pH = 7 and a good PRP release rate (PRP release 70% at 96 h). Cell experiments in vitro demonstrated that the CL-PF127@PRP hydrogel possessed good biocompatibility, an anti-inflammatory function, and pro-angiogenic activity. Furthermore, an animal experiment of skin wound and IUA confirmed that the skin wound closure rate of the CL-PF127@PRP hydrogel was over 50% on the seventh day. PRP improved the thickness of the endometrium and uterus receptivity, suggesting that the CL-PF127@PRP hydrogel offers great promise for the clinical treatment of IUA.

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  • The chitosan composite hydrogel promoted angiogenesis in the endometrium, evidenced by CD31+ blood vessels being restored to near-normal levels.

    “The hydrogel also promoted angiogenesis in the endometrium, evidenced by CD31+ blood vessels being restored to near-normal levels.”

    From Biomaterials in Postoperative Adhesion Barriers and Uterine Tissue Engineering (2025) · cites this paper as [171]

    Section 3.6.2 (Animal Experiment; page unavailable) reports that CD31 expression and the number of CD31-positive cells increased after CL-PF127@PRP treatment, supporting endometrial angiogenesis. It does not establish that CD31-positive blood vessels reached near-normal levels; the near-normal comparison in that section concerns uterine-cavity morphology. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • A chitosan-lignosulfonate/poloxamer 127 thermosensitive hydrogel loaded with PRP growth factors remains liquid at room temperature but solidifies in the body.

    “Another novel formulation is a chitosan–lignosulfonate/poloxamer 127 thermosensitive hydrogel, also loaded with PRP growth factors [171]. This gel remains liquid at room temperature but solidifies in the body.”

    From Biomaterials in Postoperative Adhesion Barriers and Uterine Tissue Engineering (2025) · cites this paper as [171]

    Sections 2.2 and 3.1 describe a chitosan–lignosulfonate/PF127 hydrogel loaded with PRP and report temperature-sensitive solid–liquid behavior. Section 2.6 says samples taken from 4 °C solidified at 37 °C, supporting solidification at body temperature, but the copy does not establish that the formulation remains liquid at room temperature. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • After 2 weeks, rats treated with the chitosan composite hydrogel showed an almost normal uterine cavity with regenerated endometrium, in contrast to untreated rats that had obliterated cavities and necrotic tissue.

    “After 2 weeks, rats treated with the chitosan composite hydrogel showed an almost normal uterine cavity with regenerated endometrium, in contrast to untreated rats that had obliterated cavities and necrotic tissue.”

    From Biomaterials in Postoperative Adhesion Barriers and Uterine Tissue Engineering (2025) · cites this paper as [171]

  • The chitosan composite hydrogel group had dramatically reduced fibrosis: collagen deposition in the uterine wall was approximately 29% versus approximately 50% in untreated controls.

    “Histologically, the hydrogel group had dramatically reduced fibrosis: collagen deposition in the uterine wall was ~29% vs. ~50% in untreated controls.”

    From Biomaterials in Postoperative Adhesion Barriers and Uterine Tissue Engineering (2025) · cites this paper as [171]

  • The chitosan composite hydrogel outcomes indicate enhanced endometrial repair and a strong anti-adhesion effect.

    “These outcomes indicate enhanced endometrial repair and a strong anti-adhesion effect.”

    From Biomaterials in Postoperative Adhesion Barriers and Uterine Tissue Engineering (2025) · cites this paper as [171]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Yu, Z., Min, Y., Ouyang, Q., Fu, Y., Mao, Y., Xiang, S., Hu, X., & Jiang, L.
Affiliations
Hunan Normal University (CN)
Corresponding author
  • Hu, Xiang
  • Jiang, Liuyun
ORCID
Venue
Polymers
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2025-02-11
Volume
17
Issue
4
Pages
474
ISSN
2073-4360 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/polym17040474
PMC
PMC11858913
OpenAlex
W4407353770
Cited by
10
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 6
FWCI
2.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Polymers (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control (HPKL2023012, 2023275)
  • innovation and entrepreneurship fund for college students of Hunan Normal University (HPKL2023012, 2023275)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gynecological conditions and treatments
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
Keywords
intrauterine adhesions, platelet-rich plasma, chitosan, lignosulfonate, poloxamer 188, injectable hydrogel, electrostatic crosslinking, self-assembly, drug delivery, wound healing, endometrial regeneration, anti-inflammatory activity, angiogenesis, biocompatibility

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