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Detection of Volatile Compounds Emitted by Bacteria in Wounds Using Gas Sensors
Open accessAbstract
In this paper we analyze an experiment for the use of low-cost gas sensors intended to detect bacteria in wounds using a non-intrusive technique. Seven different genera/species of microbes tend to be present in most wound infections. Detection of these bacteria usually requires sample and laboratory testing which is costly, inconvenient and time-consuming. The validation processes for these sensors with nineteen types of microbes (1 Candida, 2 Enterococcus, 6 Staphylococcus, 1 Aeromonas, 1 Micrococcus, 2 E. coli and 6 Pseudomonas) are presented here, in which four sensors were evaluated: TGS-826 used for ammonia and amines, MQ-3 used for alcohol detection, MQ-135 for CO2 and MQ-138 for acetone detection. Validation was undertaken by studying the behavior of the sensors at different distances and gas concentrations. Preliminary results with liquid cultures of 108 CFU/mL and solid cultures of 108 CFU/cm2 of the 6 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains revealed that the four gas sensors showed a response at a height of 5 mm. The ammonia detection response of the TGS-826 to Pseudomonas showed the highest responses for the experimental samples over the background signals, with a difference between the values of up to 60 units in the solid samples and the most consistent and constant values. This could suggest that this sensor is a good detector of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the recording made of its values could be indicative of the detection of this species. All the species revealed similar CO2 emission and a high response rate with acetone for Micrococcus, Aeromonas and Staphylococcus.
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da Costa, T. P., Gillespie, J., Cama-Moncunill, X., Ward, S., Condell, J., Ramanathan, R., & Murphy, F. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15010614 · Cited by 166
Metadata
- Authors
- Salinas Alvarez, C., Sierra-Sosa, D., Garcia-Zapirain, B., Yoder-Himes, D., & Elmaghraby, A.
- Affiliations
- eVIDA Research Group, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain
- University of Louisville (US)
- Venue
- Sensors
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-03-28
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1523
- ISSN
- 1424-8220 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6480681
- OpenAlex
- W2923854021
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 0.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sensors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DeustoTeka (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biosensors and Analytical Detection
- Keywords
- bacterial detection, wound infection, volatile organic compounds, low-cost gas sensors, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ammonia detection, MQ-135, carbon dioxide detection, acetone detection, Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Aeromonas, non-invasive detection, sensor validation
- MeSH terms
- Alcohols, Ammonia, Candida, Escherichia coli, Gases, Humans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Wound Infection, Volatile Organic Compounds
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